The effects of climate change in Raoiella indica(Acari: Tenuipalpidae), unexpected distribution at high altitudes in Latinamerican Countries
2026 - Volume: 66 Issue: Suppl pages: 93
https://doi.org/10.24349/w492-0pe7
ICA 2026 - XVII International Congress of Acarology, 20-24 July 2026, Montpellier
Keywords
Tenuipalpid
qQuarantine pest
Coconut palm
Nursery pest
Red palm mite
Abstract
Raoiella indica arrived almost 25 years ago to the Americas. The species arrived on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean and from there spread very rapidly; currently, its distribution ranges from Florida in the north to Paraguay in the south of the American Continent. A review established that the species is distributed on islands, coastal areas, and low-altitude zones from 0 to 500 meters above sea level in all countries documented, both in Asia, where it originated, and in Africa. In a study of urban trees, specifically Canary Island palms (Phoenix canariensis) in Mexico City, the species was found at 2240 meters above sea level, the first record at that altitude. Therefore, it was decided to collect specimens in other areas of Mexico and other Latin American countries, outside the known range for the species. Samples of chlorotic foliage, mainly from coconut palms (Cocos nucifera), were taken in different countries (Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico) with the objective of determining its distribution at altitudes above 500 meters above sea level (masl). Plant material was collected from sites at altitudes between 500 and 1900 masl and taken to different laboratories in each country. There, the presence of the species was evaluated, and some of the material was mounted for identification. Some sites where the species had not been found a few years prior were also visited. The results at high altitudes were: Brazil: Ceará, Paraíba, Minas Gerais (650-950 masl). Honduras: Francisco Morazán (954 masl). Guatemala: Jalapa, Jutiapa, Baja Verapaz (700-1000 masl). Mexico (Michoacan State): Gabriel Zamora, Nuevo Urecho, Tacámbaro de Codallos, Ario de Rosales (557-1890 masl). The damage caused by the species was evident in some sites. Reviewing the current average temperatures of some of the sites and those from a few years ago revealed interesting changes. The species is showing a great capacity to establish itself in new conditions that had been considered unsuitable for its establishment, based on existing biological and behavioral records. Climate change is creating conditions that the species is taking advantage of. The presence at high altitudes can also be observed in countries where the species is already present and possibly in those where it’s not found yet. This new information on its distribution should be a warning even for European and Australian countries, where it has not been found yet.
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