The family Pediculochelidae Lavoipierre, 1946 (Oribatida) comprises only the genus Paralycus Womersley, 1944. The sub-order level placement of Pediculochelidae has been debated historically; it was previously assigned to Prostigmata and Astigmata. A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters resolved this issue, establishing its placement within the Oribatida. Over 800 species of oribatid mites have been recorded from Japan, surpassing the numbers reported from countries with far larger land areas, such as China and Brazil, and Japan is thus regarded as one of the countries where oribatid diversity research is most advanced. Nevertheless, previous Japanese oribatid researchers had overlooked this family, and Pediculochelidae remained unrecorded from Japan. The present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive taxonomic revision of this family in Japan. A morphology-based taxonomic study of the family Pediculochelidae was carried out. Approximately 100 specimens collected by Prof. Minoru Shiba, mainly from western Japan, were examined. Morphological characters were observed for species identification, descriptions of new species, and ontogenetic analysis. Habitat data associated with collected specimens were also analyzed to assess habitat preferences. Four known species were newly recorded from Japan, and three species were described as new to science: Paralycus aokii Oshima & Shimano, 2024, P. shibaiOshima & Shimano, 2024, and P. subiasi Oshima & Shimano, 2024. Ontogenetic knowledge was updated: the diagnostic criterion based on the number of genital setae distinguishing the deutonymph from the tritonymph was revised, and the epimeral seta 4a, whose developmental timing had been previously unknown, was reported to be added at the adult stage. Identification keys to the world species of this genus were also updated. Habitat preferences were investigated for P. longior and P. shibai, which were collected in the greatest numbers. Paralycus longior was predominantly collected from dried plant material, whereas P. shibai was most frequently obtained from pine bark, suggesting habitat preferences in these species. This study revealed the diversity of the previously overlooked family Pediculochelidae in Japan and compiled a species list, and additionally, contributed to our new ontogenetic and ecological knowledge. The present work fills a missing piece in the advancement of oribatid mite diversity research in Japan.