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Phytoseiid mites of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, China (Acari: Mesostigmata, Phytoseiidae)

Fang, Xiao-Duan ¹ ; Li, Jun² and Wu, Wei-Nan³

¹✉ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
²Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
³Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.

2022 - Volume: 62 Issue: 2 pages: 474-496

https://doi.org/10.24349/l0py-4r2b
ZooBank LSID: DF17BEF3-034E-4F8A-AED1-A85F0F9B9967

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Original research

Keywords

fauna survey taxonomy checklist new species

Abstract

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Introduction

Phytoseiid mites are well-known for their value in biological control of phytophagous mites and small insects, such as thrips and whiteflies. They are considered to play an important ecological role under natural conditions (McMurtry et al., 2013; Wu et al, 2009, 2021). Biodiversity surveys in poorly investigated areas is still an urgent need and might result in the discovery of additional species potentially useful for biological control as well as in the acquisition of information on the biodiversity of these areas (Kreiter et al., 2020a; 2020b, 2020c; Kreiter and Douin, 2021).

Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, on the south side of Nanling Mountain. It includes Nanling National Nature Reserve and Tianjingshan National Forest Park, considered a biodiversity-rich area, but where the phytoseiid fauna is poorly known (Fang et al., 2020a). The objective of this paper is to present a checklist of the species found in a recent survey in Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, with the description of the three new species collected.

Material and methods

The survey was conducted in Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, in Shaoguan City of Guangdong Province, China, in November 10–15, 2021. Collection sites included Nanling National Nature Reserve, Tianjingshan National Forest Park, Ruyuan Grand Canyon, Tongtianluo Virgin Forest, Nanshui Reservoir, Guikeng Village, Bibei Village, Banling Village and Yunxi Village. Table 1 shows the plant species onto which phytoseiid mites were collected in this study, and their respective families.

The mites were collected using the plant-beating method and transferred to vials containing 75% ethanol with a fine brush. They were mounted in Hoyer's medium and examined, measured and illustrated under a phase and DIC (differential interference contrast) microscope (Zeiss® Axio Imager A2) provided with the photographic system ZEN 2.3 (Blue edition) © Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, 2011.

Measurements of the new species are presented in micrometers; for each structure, the measurement of the holotype is given in bold, followed by the mean, and range (in parentheses). Morphological features of adult mites were measured as follows: dorsal shield length and width were taken from the anterior to posterior margins of the shield along the midline and from the lateral margins at s4, s6 and j6 level; for all ventral shields, lengths were measured along their midline from the anterior to posterior margins; widths were taken from the lateral margins at st2, st5 and ZV2 level; cheliceral fixed digit length was measured from the dorsal poroid to the distal tip and movable digit length measured from the basal articulation to the tip. The generic concept adopted in this publication is that of Chant and McMurtry (2007). Idiosomal seta terminology follows that of Lindquist & Evans (1965) as applied to the phytoseiids by Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1991) and Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1992), respectively for dorsum and venter; adenotaxy and poroidotaxy terminology follows that of Athias-Henriot (1975), spermathecal apparatus terminology that of Beard (2001) and leg chaetotaxy that of Evans (1963).

All specimens collected, including the type specimens were deposited at IZGAS (Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China). The world distribution of these species is given according to the Phytoseiidae Database (Demite et al. 2022) and the distribution in China is given according to Wu et al. (2021).

The following abbreviation is used in this paper: asl = above sea level.

Results and discussion

A total of 32 species was found, belonging to nine genera and of the three phytoseiid subfamilies, as subsequently specified.

Subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma

Tribe Neoseiulini Chant & McMurtry

Genus Neoseiulus Hughes

Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha)

Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha, 1975: 101.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) womersleyi, Ehara & Amano, 1998: 30.

Neoseiulus pseudolongispinosus (Xin, Liang & Ke, 1981: 75) (synonymy according to Tseng, 1983).

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) womersleyi, Tseng, 1983: 54; Ehara et al., 1994: 123.

Neoseiulus womersleyi, Moraes et al., 2004: 152; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 31; Wu et al., 2021: 65.

World Distribution — China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Taiwan), Australia, Japan, South Korea.

Specimens examined — 4 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 402 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E); on B. megacephala, O. compositus and O. frutescens.

Tribe Amblyseiini Muma

Sub-tribe Amblyseiina Muma

Genus Amblyseius Berlese

Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski

Amblyseius eharai Amitai & Swirski, 1981: 60; Wu et al., 2021: 114.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) eharai, Ryu, 1993: 101.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hongkong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Taiwan), Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand.

Specimens examined — 6 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′03″ N, 113°18′24″ E; 210 m asl, 25°01′04″ N, 113°18′25″ E), on C. reticulata and D. hamiltonii; 1 ♀ collected at Bibei Village (218 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′53″ E), on unknown plant.

Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant)

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) herbicolus Chant, 1959: 84.

Typhlodromus herbicolus, Hirschmann, 1962: 23.

Amblyseius deleoni (Muma & Denmark, 1970: 68) (synonymy according to Denmark & Muma, 1989).

Amblyseius impactus (Chaudhri, 1968: 553) (synonymy according to Daneshvar & Denmark, 1982).

Amblyseius amitae (Bhattacharyya, 1968: 677) (synonymy according to Denmark & Muma, 1989).

Amblyseius herbicolus, Moraes et al., 2004: 27; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 78; Wu et al., 2021: 115.

Amblyseius giganticus (Gupta, 1981: 33) (synonymy according to Gupta, 1986).

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Yunnan, Taiwan), Argentina, Australia, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Chile (Easter Island), Colombia, Comoros Islands, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, French oversea Islands (Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, Martinique, New Caledonia, Réunion), Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Iran, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius (Mainland, Rodrigues Island), Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal (Mainland, Azores), Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain (Mainland, Canary Islands), Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, Vietnam, the United States (Mainland, Puerto Rico, Hawaii), the West Indies.

Specimens examined — 37 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (402 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E; 427 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 477 m asl, 24°31′10″ N, 113°07′35″ E; 493 m asl, 24°31′19″ N, 113°07′50″ E; 495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 547 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 520 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E), on B. nivea, C. cuspidata, F. hispida, I. tessellatus, O. frutescens, P. radicans, P. linearis and unknown plant; 9 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (455 m asl, 24°41′09″ N, 112°59′32″ E; 467 m asl, 24°41′09″ N, 112°59′32″ E; 468 m asl, 24°41′10″ N, 112°59′30″ E; 485 m asl, 24°41′09″ N, 112°59′30″ E), on Bambusa sp., H. reticulata, I. cairica, R. rivulare and unknown plant; 15 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ collected at Nanling National Nature Reserve (730 m asl, 24°54′57″ N, 113°02′28″ E; 827 m asl, 24°35′00″ N, 113°02′03″ E; 831 m asl, 24°54′58″ N, 113°02′11″ E) on E. chinensis, Q. phillyraeoides, T. siamensis and unknown plant; 6 ♀♀ collected at Bibei Village (218 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′53″ E) on Ligustrum sp.; one ♀ collected at Banling Village (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on C. oleifera; 4 ♀♀ collected at Yunxi Village (692 m asl, 25°03′32′N, 113°08′07″ E), on unknown plant.

Amblyseius longisaccatus Wu, Lan & Liu

Amblyseius longisaccatus Wu, Lan & Liu, 1995: 299; Wu et al., 1997a: 52; Wu & Ou, 2001: 106; Moraes et al., 2004: 36; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 78; Wu et al., 2010: 291, 2021: 127.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) longisaccatus, Wu et al., 2009: 190.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong).

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (402 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E), on O. frutescens; 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ collected at Banling Village (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on C. maxima.

Amblyseius obtuserellus Wainstein & Begljarov

Amblyseius obtuserellus Wainstein & Begljarov, 1971: 1806; Wu et al., 1980: 44, 1997a: 50, 2010: 291, 2021: 128; Moraes et al., 1986: 24, 2004: 42; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 80.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) obtuserellus, Ehara & Yokogawa, 1977: 54.

Amblyseius obtuserellaus [sic], Chen et al., 1980: 17.

Amblyseius (Multiseius) obtuserellus, Denmark & Muma, 1989: 24.

World Distribution — China (Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang), Japan, Russia, South Korea, Vietnam.

Specimens examined — 8 ♀♀ collected at Banling Village (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on C. oleifera, C. maxima and C. lanceolata; 7 ♀♀ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′05″ N, 113°18′28″ E), on unknown plant; 4 ♀♀ collected at Bibei Village (222 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′53″ E), on E. thymifolia and unknown plant.

Amblyseius strobocorycus Wu, Lan & Liu

Amblyseius strobocorycus Wu, Lan & Liu, 1995: 300; Wu et al., 1997a: 42, 2010: 291, 2021: 129; Chant & McMurtry, 2004: 210, 2007: 81; Moraes et al., 2004: 131.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) strobocorycus, Wu et al., 2009: 131.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou).

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (565 m asl, 24°41′35″ N, 112°59′39″ E), on E. chinense.

Amblyseius wuyiensis Wu & Li

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) wuyiensis Wu & Li, 1983: 171; Moraes et al., 1986: 33; Wu et al., 2009: 195, 2021: 131.

Amblyseius wuyiensis, Chant & McMurtry, 2004: 203, 2007: 81; Wu et al., 1997a: 56, 2010: 291; Wu & Ou, 2001: 106; Moraes et al., 2004: 55.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi).

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (701 m asl, 24°59′22″ N, 113°06′46″ E), on P. wallichiana.

Sub-tribe Arrenoseiina Chant & McMurtry

Genus Phytoscutus Muma

Phytoscutus salebrosus (Chant)

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) salebrosus Chant, 1960: 58.

Phytoscutella salebrosa, Muma, 1961: 275.

Typhlodromus salebrosus, Hirschmann, 1962: 17.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) salebrosus, Ehara, 1966: 23; Tseng, 1983: 35; Chen et al., 1984: 319; Wu, 1989: 202; Wu et al., 1997a: 107, 2021: 143.

Phytoscutus taoi (Lo, 1970: 49) (synonymy according to Ehara & Bhandhufalck, 1977).

Amblyseius (Phytoscutella) salebrosus, Gupta, 1975: 26.

Amblyseius (Phytoscutella) salebrosus, Ehara & Bhandhufalck, 1977: 73.

Phytoscutus salebrosus, Moraes et al., 2004: 166; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 101; Wu et al., 2009: 261, 2010: 296.

World Distribution — China (Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan), India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Nanling National Nature Reserve, on unknown plant.

Tribe Euseiini Chant & McMurtry

Sub-tribe Euseiina Chant & McMurtry

Genus Euseius Wainstein

Euseius ovalis (Evans)

Typhlodromus ovalis Evans, 1953: 458.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) ovalis Chant, 1959: 68.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) ovalis Muma, 1961: 288.

Amblyseius ovalis, Wu, 1980: 46; Chen et al., 1984: 327.

Euseius ovalis, Gupta, 1978: 335; Moraes et al., 1986: 49, 2004: 77; Wu et al., 1997a: 117, 2009: 235, 2021: 169; Ehara & Amano, 1998: 43; Chant & McMurtry, 2005: 215, 2007: 121; Fang et al., 2019: 1928, 2020b: 261.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hongkong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Taiwan), Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the United States (Hawaii).

Specimens examined — 7 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (305 m asl, 24°31′10″ N, 113°07′35″ E; 495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on C. cuspidata and P. radicans.

Euseius australis (Wu & Li)

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) australis Wu & Li, 1983: 172.

Euseius australis, Moraes et al., 1986: 37, 2004: 62; Chant & McMurtry, 2005: 215, 2007: 120; Wu et al., 1997a: 121, 2009: 227, 2010: 292, 2021: 176.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan).

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on A. lactiflora.

Euseius nicholsi (Ehara & Lee)

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) nicholsi Ehara & Lee, 1971: 67; Wu, 1980: 42; Chen et al., 1984: 328; Wu, 1989: 203.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) guangxiensis (Wu, 1982: 97) (synonymy according to Wu et al., 2009: 217).

Euseius nicholsi, Moraes et al., 1986: 49, 2004: 75; Wu et al. 1997: 115, 2009: 217, 2021: 160; Chant & McMurtry, 2005: 215, 2007: 121.

World Distribution — China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hongkong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Wuling Mountain Area), Thailand.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (520 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E), on I. tessellatus; one ♀ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′05″ N, 113°18′28″ E), on C. japonicum; one ♀ collected at Bibei Village (239 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′51″ E), on P. clematidea.

Euseius hamiltonii Fang & Wu sp. nov.

ZOOBANK: 68C9986E-D38D-4377-A1E4-83CA56BFE247

(Figures 1a–e)

Description

Female (n = 3)

Dorsum (Fig. 1a). Idiosomal setal pattern 10A: 9B/ JV-3: ZV. Dorsal shield most smooth, with anterolateral striae. Dorsal shield 315 321 (304–321) long and 222 218 (207–224) wide at level of s4, 233 229 (221-234) wide at level of j6, distances between setae j1–J5 311 304 (293–313) and s4–s4 180 181 (180–183), shield nearly oval, constricted at level of R1; r3 and R1 on soft membranous cuticle laterad dorsal shield. All dorsal shield setae smooth and setiform, except Z5 slightly serrated. Dorsal shield with six pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 14 pairs of lyrifissures (idla, id1, id2, id4, id6, is1, idx, idl1, idl3, idl4, idm2, idm3, idm5, idm6). Length of setae: j1 33 31 (27–33), j3 22 23 (21–24), j4 8 8 (7–9), j5 7 7 (7–8), j6 8 9 (8–10), J2 11 11 (11–12), J5 5 5 (5–6), z2 13 13 (11–15), z4 11 11 (10–13), z5 9 8 (7–9), Z1 10 10 (9–11), Z4 12 11 (9–13), Z5 56 56 (52–57), s4 24 23 (20–25), S2 13 13 (12–14), S4 17 15 (13–18), S5 16 15 (12–17), r3 11 11 (10–12), R1 12 13 (12–13).

Venter (Fig. 1b). All ventral setae smooth. Sternal shield 76 76 (76–76) long, 85 83 (80-85) wide, with scant anterior striation, posterior margin with medial projection lightly sclerotized, with three pairs of setae st1 29 29 (28–30), st2 24 25 (24–27), st3 25 25 (24–25), and two pairs of lyrifissures (pst1–pst2), distance between st1–st3 55 56 (55–58), st2–st2 64 64 (63–64). Metasternal platelets ellipsoidal, each with one metasternal seta st4 23 23 (22–24) and one lyrifissure (pst3). Genital shield smooth, 82 78 (73–82) wide, with one pair of thin genital setae st5 28 24 (22–28), distance between st5–st5 75 73 (68–75); one pair of associated poroids on soft cuticle near posterior corners of shield. Ventrianal shield smooth, vase-shaped, anterior part strong sclerotized, 81 81 (81–81) long, 49 51 (49–52) wide at level of ZV2, 63 67 (63–74) wide at level of anus, with three pairs of thin pre-anal setae JV1 27 27 (26–31), JV2 26 27 (25–28), ZV2 20 20 (19–23); Pa 14 14 (13–15), Pst 14 14 (13–15). Pre-anal pores crescentic, posterior of JV2, distance between pores 30 29 (29–29). Opisthogastric soft cuticle with four pairs of setae, ZV1 19 19 (18–20), ZV3 11 11 (9–12), JV4 10 10 (9–11), JV5 27 28 (24–30) long. All ventral setae thin, except JV5 thick. One pair of metapodal platelets hook-like, 18 18 (18–18) long, 5 4 (4–5) wide.

Peritreme (Fig. 1a). Peritreme extending to the level of z2.

Chelicera (Fig. 1c). Fixed digit 22 22 (21–24) long, with five teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 20 21 (20–22) long, with one tooth.

Spermatheca (Fig. 1d). Calyx of spermatheca gourd-shaped, constricted in the middle obviously, flaring distally, 13 12 (11–14) long, 10 10 (10–11) wide at the opening, atrium small, knobbed, 1 2 (1–2) wide, incorporated in calyx; major duct narrow, without neck, and minor duct visible.

Legs (Fig. 1e). Chaetotactic formulae of genua I 2-2/2, 1/1-2, II 2-2/2, 0/0-1, III 1-2/2, 1/0-1 and IV 1-2/2, 1/0-1. Tibia III with one macroseta, Sti III 23 23 (22–24); genu, tibia and basitarsus IV each with one macroseta, Sge IV 25 32 (25–39), Sti IV 39 37 (32–40) and St IV 68 69 (67–70).

Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined

Holotype: ♀ (accession no. RYNS-031), Nanshui Reservoir (223 m asl, 24°44′09″ N, 113°08′59′E), Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, on Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees et Arn. ex Munro (Poaceae), 10/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll. Paratype: 1 ♀ (accession no. RYNS- 032), same locality, host, date and collector as holotype; Paratype: 1 ♀ (accession no. RYBL-181), Banling Village (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on Bambusa eutuldoides McClure var. eutuldoides (Poaceae), 13/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll.

Etymology

This species is named after the plant species on which the holotype was found.

Remarks

By having similar shape of dorsal shield, vase-shaped ventrianal shield, relative length of dorsal setae, and three macrosetae on leg IV, E. hamiltonii is most similar to E. nicholsi (Ehara and Lee, 1971) and E. oolong Liao and Ho, 2008. Differences between E. hamiltonii sp. nov. and the related species are given in Table 2.

Tribe Typhlodromipsini Chant & McMurtry

Genus Typhlodromips De Leon

Typhlodromips ochii (Ehara & Yokogawa)

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) ochii Ehara & Yokogawa, 1977: 54; Chen et al., 1984: 333; Wu et al., 2009: 184.

Neoseiulus ochii, Moraes et al., 1986: 91.

Amblyseius ochii, Wu et al., 1997a: 94, 2010: 291; Moraes et al., 2004: 44.

Typhlodromips ochii, Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 63; Wu et al., 2021: 99.

World Distribution — China (Jiangxi, Henan, Shanxi), Japan.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Hongyun Village (758 m asl, 25°03′46″ N, 113°07′23″ E), on I. tessellatus.

Typhlodromips syzygii (Gupta)

Amblyseius syzygii Gupta, 1975: 44.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) syzygii, Ehara & Bhandhufalck, 1977: 58.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) syzygii, Gupta, 1985: 371.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) syzygii, Wu et al., 2009: 90.

Typhlodromips syzygii, Moraes et al., 1986: 150, 2004: 227; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 63; Wu et al., 2010: 299, 2021: 99.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Banling Village (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on C. maxima.

Genus Scapulaseius Karg & Oomen-Kalsbeck

Scapulaseius okinawanus (Ehara)

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) okinawanus Ehara, 1967a: 72.

Amblyseius okinawanus, Lo, 1970: 47; Wu, 1980: 44; Wu et al., 1991: 149, 1997a: 89; Jung et al., 2003: 193.

Neoseiulus okinawanus, Moraes et al., 1986: 91.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) okinawanus, Ehara & Amano, 1998: 37.

Scapulaseius okinawanus, Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 68; Wu et al., 2010: 298, 2021: 105.

World Distribution — China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hongkong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Taiwan), South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Russia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam.

Specimens examined — 38 ♀♀ and one ♂ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (402 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E; 414 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E; 490 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on A. lactiflora, A. baccharoides, B. eutuldoides var. eutuldoides, B. megacephala, C. cuspidata, C. concinna, F. hispida, O. compositus, O. frutescens and P. linearis; 2 ♀♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (435 m asl, 24°41′09″ N, 112°59′30″ E; 684 m asl, 24°41′23″ N, 113°01′25″ E), on A. conyzoides and unknown plant; 2 ♀♀ collected at Guikeng Village (202 m asl, 25°01′06″ N, 113°18′26″ E; 210 m asl, 25°01′04″ N, 113°18′25″ E), on C. reticulata and E. japonica; 4 ♀♀ and one ♂ collected at Bibei Village (222 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′53″ E; 239 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′51″ E) on E. thymifolia and P. clematidea.

Scapulaseius anuwati (Ehara & Bhandhufalck)

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) anuwati Ehara & Bhandhufalck, 1977: 63; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 67.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) anuwanti [sic], Wu, 1981: 205.

Typhlodromips anuwati, Moraes et al., 1986: 136, 2004: 207.

Amblyseius anuwati, Wu, 1980: 49; Chen et al., 1984: 325; Wu et al., 1997a: 76.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) anuwati, Wu et al., 2009: 85; Ehara, 2002a: 30.

Scapulaseius anuwati, Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 67; Wu et al., 2010: 298, 2021: 104.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan), Thailand, Malaysia.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (684 m asl, 24°41′23″ N, 113°01′25″ E), on B. eutuldoides var. eutuldoides; one ♀ collected at Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (707 m asl, 24°59′22″ N, 113°06′46′E), on D. dichotoma; 2 ♀♀ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′09″ N, 113°18′30″ E), on C. lanceolata and unknown plant.

Scapulaseius asiaticus (Evans)

Typhlodromus asiaticus Evans, 1953: 461.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) asiaticus, Chant, 1959: 80.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromopsis) asiaticus, Muma, 1961: 287.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) asiaticus, Ehara, 1966a: 20; Wu, 1980: 50; Chen et al., 1984: 323; Wu et al., 1997a: 91.

Amblyseius asiaticus, Carmona, 1968: 267; Schicha, 1987: 94; Schicha & Corpuz-Raros, 1992: 60.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) siaki (Ehara & Lee, 1971: 64) (synonymy according to Ehara & Bhandhufalck, 1977).

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) baiyunensis (Wu, 1982: 97) (synonymy according to Wu et al., 2009).

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) asiaticus, Ehara, 2002b: 127; Wu et al., 2009: 96.

Typhlodromips asiaticus, Moraes et al., 2004: 207.

Scapulaseius asiaticus, Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 67; Wu et al., 2010: 298, 2021: 104.

Scapulaseius reptans (Blommers) (synonymy according to Kreiter & Ferragut, 2021).

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Hongkong, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Angola, Cyprus, France (Reunion Island), India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.

Specimens examined — 2 ♀♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (467 m asl, 24°41′09″ N, 112°59′32″ E), on R. rivulare; 4 ♀♀ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′09″ N, 113°18′30″ E), on B. championii; one ♀ collected at Banling Villag (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on C. maxima.

Scapulaseius jianyangensis (Wu)

Amblyseius (Proprioseiopsis) jianyangensis Wu, 1981: 212.

Amblyseius jianyangensis, Wu et al., 1997a: 78.

Typhlodromips jianyangensis, Moraes et al., 1986: 141, 2004: 215.

Scapulaseius jianyangensis, Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 67; Wu et al., 2010: 298; 2021: 105.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) jianyangensis, Wu et al., 2009: 82.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan).

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (534 m asl, 24°41′26″ N, 112°59′31″ E), on unknown plant.

Tribe Kampimodromini Kolodochka

Sub-tribe Kampimodromina Chant & McMurtry

Genus Okiseius Ehara

Okiseius subtropicus Ehara

Okiseius subtropicus Ehara, 1967a: 77; Tseng, 1976: 102; Ehara & Hamaoka, 1980: 6; Wu & Qian, 1983: 75; Chen et al., 1984: 348; Moraes et al., 1986: 102; Wu, 1989: 210; Wu et al., 2009: 251, 2021: 81; Ehara et al., 1994: 136; Wu et al., 1997a: 129, 2009: 251; Walter, 1999: 90.

Okiseius wui (Denmark & Kolodochka, 1996: 235) (synonymy according to Wu et al., 1997b).

Amblyseius (Kampimodromus) subtropicus, Ueckermann & Loots, 1985: 195.

Okiseius (Okiseius) subtropicus, Kolodochka & Denmark, 1996: 235.

Amblyseius (Okiseius) subtropicus, Ehara & Amano, 1998: 45.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Taiwan), Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Nanshui Reservoir (223 m asl, 24°44′09″ N, 113°08′59′E), on F. concinna.

Sub-tribe Paraphytoseiina Chant & McMurtry

Genus Paraphytoseius Swirski & Shechter

Paraphytoseius cracentis (Corpuz & Rimando)

Ptenoseius cracentis Corpuz & Rimando, 1966: 115.

Paraphytoseius cracentis, Swirski & Golan, 1967: 226; Schicha & Corpuz, 1985: 68; Moraes et al., 1986: 104, 2004: 160; Wu et al., 1997a: 133, 2009: 270, 2021: 85; Liao et al., 2020: 117.

Paraphytoseius multidentatus (Swirski & Shechter, 1961: 114) (synonymy according to Matthysse & Denmark, 1981).

Paraphytoseius hyalinus (Tseng, 1973 : 77) (synonymy according to Prasad, 2016).

Paraphytoseius nicobarensis (Gupta, 1977: 631) (synonymy according to Prasad & Karmakar, 2015).

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hongkong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan), France (New Caledonia), Japan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam.

Specimens examined — 2 ♀♀ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′09″ N, 113°18′30″ E), on unknown plant.

Paraphytoseius orientalis (Narayanan, Kaur & Ghai)

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) orientalis Narayanan, Kaur & Ghai, 1960: 394.

Paraphytoseius multidentatus (Swirski & Shechter, 1961: 114) (synonymy according to Chant & McMurtry, 2003).

Paraphytoseius subtropicus (Tseng, 1972: 1) (synonymy according to Matthysse & Denmark, 1981).

Paraphytoseius orientalis, Ehara, 1966: 25; Moraes et al., 2004: 162; Wu et al., 2021: 86.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hongkong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan), Argentina, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Colombia, Costa Rica, Congo, France (Guadeloupe, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, Martinique), India, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Venezuela, Vietnam.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Banling Villag (305 m asl, 25°01′01″ N, 113°16′52″ E), on C. maxima; one ♀ collected at Guikeng Village (200 m asl, 25°01′09″ N, 113°18′30″ E), on C. lanceolata.

Sub-Family Phytoseiinae Berlese

Genus Phytoseius Ribaga

Phytoseius crinitus Swirski & Shechter

Phytoseius (Dubininellus) crinitus Swirski & Shechter, 1961: 102; Denmark, 1966: 66; Wu, 1997: 154; Wu et al., 2009: 296, 2010: 296.

Phytoseius (Phytoseius) crinitus, Ehara, 1966: 26; Moraes et al., 1986: 220.

Phytoseius crinitus, Wu et al., 1997a: 151, 2021: 192; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 129.

World Distribution — China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hongkong, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Taiwan), Burundi, France (Reunion Island), India, Indonesia, Japan, Madagascar, Mauritius (Main land, Rodriguez Island), Philippines, Singapore.

Specimens examined — 3 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (495 m, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on B. eutuldoides var. eutuldoides and unknown plant.

Phytoseius nipponicus Ehara

Phytoseius (Dubininellus) nipponicus Ehara, 1962: 55; Denmark, 1966: 90; Wu et al., 2009: 298, 2010: 297.

Phytoseius (Phytoseius) nipponicus, Ehara, 1964: 378; Moraes et al., 1986: 226.

Phytoseius shanghaiensis (Xin, Liang & Ke, 1983: 48) (synonymy according to Wu, 1997).

Phytoseius nipponicus, Chen et al., 1984: 356; Wu et al., 1997a: 150, 2021: 193; Moraes et al., 2004: 249; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 129.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, Japan, South Korea.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (707 m asl, 24°59′22″ N, 113°06′46′E), on D. dichotoma.

Phytoseius subcapitatus Fang & Wu, sp. nov.

ZOOBANK: E7FFD341-B5BE-4077-A12D-D5096209B255

(Fig. 2 a-e)

Description

Female (n = 3)

Dorsum (Fig. 2a). Idiosomal setal pattern 12A: 3A/ JV-3, 4: ZV. Dorsal shield rugose, with granular reticulation throughout. Dorsal shield 265 267 (265–269) long and 148 146 (143–148) wide at level of s4, 161 160 (159-161) at level of s6, distances between setae j1–J5 260 260 (258–262) and s4–s4 91 89 (87–91), s6-s6 120 118 (115–120), shield long oval, without median constriction; R1 absent. Dorsal shield with four pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd8), and 10 pairs of lyrifissures (idla, id1, id2, is1, idl3, idl4, idm2-idm4, idm6). Length of setae: j1 26 25 (23–26), j3 18 18 (17–18), j4 8 8 (8–9), j5 8 6 (6–9), j6 8 8 (6–9), J5 11 10 (9–11), z2 12 12 (12–13), z3 25 25 (24–26), z4 13 13 (12–14), z5 8 8 (7–8), Z4 63 63 (61–66), Z5 58 60 (55–66), s4 44 44 (41–46), s6 56 56 (53–61), r3 30 30 (29–30). Setae j1, j3, z2, z3, z4, s4, s6, Z5 and r3 distinctly serrated, moderate to long; remaining setae smooth, short, except Z4 long. Sublateral seta r3 inserted on the lateral edge of dorsal shield.

Venter (Fig. 2b). All ventral setae thin, smooth, except JV5, thick, serrated. Sternal shield smooth, posterior margin almost flat, 69 69 (68– 69) long, 65 65 (65–65) wide, wider than long, with three pairs of setae st1 27 25 (23–27), st2 22 23 (21–25), st3 17 19 (17–21), and two pairs of lyrifissures (pst1–pst2), distance between st1–st3 55 56 (55–58) and st2–st2 56 55 (54–56). Metasternal platelets small, subtriangular, each with one metasternal seta st4 18 19 (17–22) and one lyrifissure (pst3). Genital shield smooth, with one pair of thin genital setae st5 25 24 (23–25), distance between st5–st5 55 55(55–56); one pair of associated poroids on soft cuticle near posterior corners of shield. Ventrianal shield with several striae anteriorly, vase-shaped, 81 81 (77–84) long, 37 37 (36–38) wide at level of ZV2, 47 46 (45–47) wide at level of anus, with three pairs of thin pre-anal setae JV1 12 11 (10–12), JV2 10 10 (9–12), ZV2 11 10 (8–11); Pa 11 11 (10–11), Pst 9 10 (9–11) long. Pre-anal pores absent. Opisthogastric soft cuticle with three pairs of setae, ZV1 15 13 (12–15), ZV3 7 7 (6–8), JV5 39 39 (38–42) long. A pair of thin metapodal platelets present, 25 25 (21–26) long, 2 2 (1–2) wide.

Peritreme (Fig. 2a). Peritreme extending nearly to seta j1.

Chelicera (Fig. 2c). Fixed digit 21 21 (20–21) long, with three teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 21 20 (19– 21) long, with one tooth.

Spermatheca (Fig. 2d). Calyx broad tubular, flaring slightly near vesicle, 26 25 (23–27) long, 9 10 (8–12) wide near atrium; atrium small, knobbed, major duct narrow and minor duct invisible.

Legs (Fig. 2 e). Chaetotactic formulae of genua I 2-2/2, 1/1-2, II 2-2/2, 0/0-1, III 1-2/2, 1/0-0 and IV 1-2/2, 1/0-1. Leg IV with four apically knobbed macrosetae on genu, tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, Sge IV 12 13 (9–16), Sti IV 43 41 (40–44), Sbta IV 33 33 (31–34), and Sdta IV 24 24 (23-25).

Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined

Holotype: ♀, (accession no. RYTVF-021), Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (678 m asl, 24°59′22″ N, 113°06′51″ E), Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, on unknown plant, 14/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll. Paratype: 2 ♀♀ (accession no. RYTVF-022, RYTVF-023), same locality, host, date and collector as holotype.

Etymology

The name subcapitatus is derived from a combination of prefix sub and capitatus, indicating that this species is similar to Phytoseius capitatus Ehara, 1966.

Remarks

By having very similar shape of dorsal shield and vase-shaped ventrianal shield, relative length and thickness of dorsal setae, grandular reticulation on dorsal shield and broad tubular calyx of spermatheca, Phytoseius subcapitatus sp. nov. is very similar to P. capitatus, but the new species differs by having a macroseta on genu, tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus of leg IV, while P. capitatus only has macroseta only on tibia and basitarsus of leg IV. Additionally, the new species has the anterior part of the ventrianal shield striate, while in P. capitatus the ventrianal shield is smooth.

Sub-Family Typhlodrominae Wainstein

Tribe Typhlodromini Wainstein

Genus Typhlodromus Scheuten

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) higoensis Ehara

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) higoensis Ehara, 1985: 115; Moraes et al., 2004: 328; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 155; Wu et al., 2009: 404, 2010: 301, 2021: 224.

Amblydromella higoensis, Moraes et al., 1986: 163.

Typhlodromus higoensis, Wu et al., 1997a: 197.

Amblydromella (Amblydromella) higoensis, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan), Japan.

Specimens examined — 11 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on B. eutuldoides var. eutuldoides; 2 ♀♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (565 m asl, 24°41′35″ N, 112°59′39″ E; 684 m asl, 24°41′23″ N, 113°01′25″ E), on B. eutuldoides and E. chinense.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) serrulatus Ehara

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) serrulatus Ehara, 1972: 142; Ryu & Lee, 1992: 31; Moraes et al., 2004: 350; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 155; Wu et al., 2009: 382, 2010: 302, 2021: 232.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) serrulatus, Chang & Tseng, 1978: 342.

Amblydromella serrulata, Moraes et al., 1986: 175.

Typhlodromus serrulatus, Wu et al., 1997a: 187.

Amblydromella (Amblydromella) serrulata, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.

Typhlodromus fujianensis (Wu & Liu, 1991: 86) (synonymy according to Wu et al., 2009).

World Distribution — China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Taiwan), Japan, South Africa, Thailand.

Specimens examined — 6 ♀♀ collected at Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (677 m asl, 24°59′20″ N, 113°06′49″ E; 678 m asl, 24°59′22″ N, 113°06′51″ E), on C. myrsinifolia, P. wallichiana and unknown plant.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) zhaoi Wu & Li

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) zhaoi Wu & Li, 1983: 170; Moraes et al., 2004: 359; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 157; Wu et al., 2009: 424, 2010: 303, 2021: 238.

Amblydromella zhaoi, Moraes et al., 1986: 179.

Typhlodromus zhaoi, Wu et al., 1997a: 199.

Amblydromella (Amblydromella) zhaoi, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan).

Specimens examined — 2 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (490 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), 1 ♀ on B. eutuldoides var. eutuldoides and O. compositus.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) yasumatsui Ehara

Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) yasumatsui Ehara, 1966: 11.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) yasumatsui, Tseng, 1983: 70.

Amblydromella yasumatsui, Moraes et al., 1986: 178.

Typhlodromus yasumatsui, Wu & Liu, 1997: 152.

Amblydromella (Aphanoseia) yasumatsui, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 309.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) yasumatsui, Moraes et al., 2004: 359; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 157; Wu et al., 2009: 418, 2010: 303, 2021: 237.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan), Japan, South Korea.

Specimens examined — 8 ♀♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (414 m asl, 24°31′14″ N, 113°07′28″ E; 495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 524 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E; 547 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on B. eutuldoides var. eutuldoides, C. concinna, M. perlarius and unknown plant; one ♀ collected at Tianjingshan National Forest Park (534 m asl, 24°41′26″ N, 112°59′31″ E), on unknown plant; one ♀ collected at Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (701 m asl, 24°59′22″ N, 113°06′46″ E), on P. wallichiana.

Typhlodromus xiufui Wu & Liu

Typhlodromus xiufui Wu & Liu, 1997: 148.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) xiufui, Moraes et al., 2004: 358; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 157; Wu et al., 2009: 405, 2010: 302, 2021: 236.

World Distribution — China (Ningxia).

Specimens examined — 2 ♀♀ collected at Tongtianluo Virgin Forest (677 m asl, 24°59′20″ N, 113°06′49″ E), on unknown plant.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) agilis (Chaudhri)

Orientiseius agilis Chaudhri, 1975: 189; Moraes et al., 1986: 202.

Typhlodromus agilis, Wu & Lan, 1994: 430; Wu et al., 1997a: 182.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) agilis, Moraes et al., 2004: 309; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 152; Wu et al., 2009: 343, 2010: 300, 2021: 218.

World Distribution — China (Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan), Pakistan.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Yunxi Village (692 m asl, 25°03′32″ N, 113°08′07″ E), on unknown plant.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) insularis Ehara

Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) insularis Ehara, 1966: 10.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) insularis, Tseng, 1983: 70.

Amblydromella insularis, Moraes et al., 1986: 164.

Amblydromella (Amblydromella) insularis, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 307.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) insularis, Ehara, 1967b: 212; Ehara, 1972: 138; Moraes et al., 2004: 330; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 155; Wu et al., 2009: 397, 2010: 301, 2021: 226.

World Distribution — China (Guangdong), Japan.

Specimens examined — one ♀ collected at Ruyuan Grand Canyon (495 m asl, 24°31′18″ N, 113°07′29″ E), on F. hispida.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ruyuanensis Fang & Wu sp. nov.

ZOOBANK: E69810E8-162A-434D-8469-46FAF40EC8E7

(Fig. 3a-e)

Description

Female (n = 5)

Dorsum (Fig. 3a). Idiosomal setal pattern 12A: 8A/ JV: ZV. Dorsal shield 302 304 (299–312) long and 203 202 (192–214) wide at level of s4, 217 216 (199-232) wide at level of s6, distances between setae j1–J5 295 296 (287–308), s4–s4 151 151 (148–155) and s6–s6 154 156 (154–160), slightly constricted at level of R1; shield reticulate to colliculate throughout, r3 and R1 on soft membranous cuticle laterad dorsal shield. Dorsal setae smooth except Z4 and Z5, serrated. All dorsal shield setae setiform. Dorsal shield with six pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 13 pairs of lyrifissures (id1a, id1, idl1, id6, idx, idl2–4, idm2–6). Length of setae: j1 13 16 (13–23), j3 20 22 (20–24), j4 16 15 (15–16), j5 17 17 (16–19), j6 21 20 (18–22), J2 24 23 (22–24), J5 8 8 (6–8), z2 14 15 (13–17), z3 20 21 (20–23), z4 22 22 (20–24), z5 16 17 (16–18), Z4 34 34 (31–36), Z5 61 59 (56–61), s4 24 24 (22–26), s6 27 27 (25–29), S2 29 28 (26–31), S4 26 26 (23–28), S5 18 19 (17–22), r3 19 19 (17–22), R1 16 16 (15–17).

Venter (Fig. 3b). All ventral setae thin and smooth, except JV5, thick, serrated. Sternal shield smooth, anterior margin convex, posterior margin of shield nearly straight, 75 78 (75–84) long, 70 70 (68–72) wide, length slightly longer than wide, with three pairs of setae st1 24 24 (23–25), st2 21 20 (19–23), st3 21 21 (19–23), and two pairs of lyrifissures (pst1, pst2). Metasternal platelets ellipsoidal, with one pair of setae st4 20 21 (19–24) and one pair of lyrifissures (pst3). Genital shield smooth, with one pair of thin genital setae st5 23 21(18–26), 63 62 (60–66) wide, posterior edge flat; one pair of associated poroids on soft cuticle near posterior corners of shield. Ventrianal shield smooth, pentagonal, 96 97 (96–99) long, 76 75 (69–81) wide at level of ZV2, 67 69 (67–72) wide at level of anus, with four pairs of thin pre-anal setae JV1 11 14 (11–16), JV2 13 11 (6–13), JV3 10 12 (9–17), ZV2 11 11(8–12); Pa 12 12 (11–14), Pst 15 14 (9–15) long. Pre-anal pores gv3 crescent-shaped, posteromesad JV2, distance between pores 25 25 (23–27). On soft cuticle laterad of dorsal shield: four pairs of setae, ZV1 17 16 (14–17), ZV3 10 11 (7–15), JV4 13 13 (10–15), JV5 39 40 (38–42) long. Two pairs of metapodal plates, primary plate 15 17 (14–19) long, 3 3 (3–5) wide, secondary plate 8 8 (7–8) long, 2 1 (1–2) wide.

Peritreme (Fig. 3a). Peritreme extending to j1 level.

Chelicera (Fig. 3c). Fixed digit 27 26 (25–27) long, with three teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 25 25 (23–27) long, with three teeth.

Spermatheca (Fig. 3d). Calyx funnel-shaped, 15 16 (13–23) long, 7 8 (7–9) wide at opening; distinctly more sclerotized near vesicle, elsewhere weakly sclerotized, nearly membranous; atrium 2 2 (2–2) wide, small, C-shaped; major duct narrow; minor duct visible.

Legs (Fig. 3e). Chaetotactic formulae of genua I 2–2/2, 1/1–2, II 1–2/2, 1/0–1, III 1–2/2, 0/1–1 and IV 1–2/2, 0/1–1. Leg III with one macroseta on genu and on tibia, Seg III 20 23 (19-26), Sti III 18 19 (17-20). Leg IV with three apically knobbed macrosetae on genu, tibia and basitarsus, Sge IV 34 35 (34–37), Sti IV 25 24 (19–26) and St IV 45 43 (35–45).

Male. Unknown.

Specimens examined

Holotype: ♀ (accession no. RYNL-011), Nanling National Nature Reserve (827 m asl, 24°35′00″ N, 113°02′03″ E), Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, on Thyrostachys siamensis (Kurz ex Munro) Gamble (Poaceae), 15/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll. Paratype: 2 ♀♀ (accession no. RYTJS-011, RYTJS-012), Tianjingshan National Forest Park (467 m asl, 24°41′09″ N, 112°59′32″ E), on Rhododendron rivulare Hand.-Mazz. (Ericaceae), 12/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll.; Paratype: 1 ♀ (accession no. RYGC-261), Ruyuan Grand Canyon (493 m asl, 24°31′19″ N, 113°07′50″ E), on Desmos chinensis Lour. (Annonaceae), 11/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll; Paratype: 1 ♀ (accession no. RYBB-091), Bibei Village (239 m asl, 25°0′57″ N, 113°16′51″ E), on unknown plant, 13/XI/2021, Fang X.D. coll.

Etymology

The name ruyuanensis refers to Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, the type locality.

Remarks

By having similar shape of dorsal shield, pentagonal and striated ventrianal shield, stronger sclerotization of the calyx near the vesicle, a knobbed macrosetae on genu, tibia and basitarsus of leg IV, Typhlodromus ruyuanensis sp. nov. is most similar to T. orientalis Wu, 1981, T. armiger Ehara & Amano, 1998 and T. chinensis Ehara & Lee, 1971. By having similar shape of dorsal shield, ventrianal shield, calyx of spermatheca and knobbed macrosetae on leg IV, this new species is also similar to T. lobatus Zannou, Moraes & Oliveira, 2008 and T. microbullatus van der Merwe, 1968. Differences between Typhlodromus ruyuanensis sp. nov. and the related species are given in Table 3.

Conclusion

Wu et al. (2009) reported seven species from Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County. In a subsequent study, Fang et al.(2020a) reported other 17 species from the same area. Thus, until now, 24 phytoseiid species had been reported from this county, mainly from Nanling National Nature Reserve. As a result of the present work, 20 other species were added to the known phytoseiid fauna in Ruyuan Yao county, namely N. womersleyi, A. longisaccatus, A. obtuserellus, E. australis, T. ochii, T. syzygii, P. orientalis, P. salebrosus, O. subtropicus, S. jianyangensis, P. crinitus, P. nipponicus, T. agilis, T. insularis, T. serrulatus, T. zhaoi, T. xiufui as well as the three newly described species, Euseius hamiltonii sp. nov., Phytoseius subcapitatus sp. nov. and Typhlodromus ruyuanensis sp. nov. Thus, 44 species are now known from Ruyuan Yao County, belonging to nine genera in the three phytoseiid subfamilies.

Nanling Mountain is one of the richest biodiversity hotspots in China (Pang, 2003), additional surveys are still required to adequately characterize its biodiversity. Amblyseius herbicolus (with 74 specimens collected) and S. okinawanus (with 49 specimens collected) accounted for respectively about 31 and 20% of all specimens collected in this study. These were the dominant species in this survey. But their ecological role is still unknown, which also needs to be revealed in the future.

Acknowledgements

We thank to Professors Gilberto J. de Moraes (CNPq Researcher) and Serge Kreiter (Institut Agro Montpellier) for their careful revisions and valuable suggestions of an earlier version of the manuscript. This paper was supported by GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development (2020GDASYL-20200301003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900352), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515012117).

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