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Review of Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Western Siberia, Russia

Khaustov, Vladimir A.1

1✉ Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia.

2020 - Volume: 60 Issue: 4 pages: 769-805

https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204401

Original research

Keywords

morphology predators taxonomy redescription tarsal setal cluster

Abstract

Mites of the genus Amblyseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Western Siberia, Russia are reviewed. Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant), A. ampullosus Wu and Lan and A. myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi are recorded for the first time from Russia. Females of A. silvaticus, A. omaloensis, A.myrtilli and A. ampullosus are redescribed in detail and males of A. silvaticus and A. ampullosus are described for the first time. Chaetotaxy of tarsus I for all studied species is presented. Moreover, the importance of apical sensorial setal cluster of tarsus I in identification of phytoseiid mites is discussed.


Introduction

Phytoseiid mites are important natural enemies of phytophagous mites and other different small arthropods. Some of them, such as Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot), Transeius montdorensis (Schicha), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) are available commercially for use in greenhouses. Phytoseiid mites are widely distributed around the world and presently include more than 2,500 valid species in three subfamilies and 94 genera (Demite et al. 2020; Chant and McMurtry 2007). The genus Amblyseius is the largest in the subfamily Amblyseiinae, with 434 nominal species (Demite et al. 2020).

Twenty four Amblyseius species are reported from Russia (Wainstein 1960; Meshkov 1999; Wainstein and Beglyarov 1971; Wainstein 1978, 1979; Vysotskaya and Bregetova 1957; Wainstein 1975; Makarova 2009; Kolodochka 1990; Livshitz and Kuznetsov 1972; Kolodochka 1981, 2003, 2006).

The present paper aims to increase the knowledge of the mite fauna of Western Siberia, particularly the poorly studied fauna of phytoseiid mites (Tixier et al. 2008). As a result, three species are here reported for the first time from Russia and additional morphological information of apical sensorial setal cluster of tarsus I are provided to complete the description of all the species investigated. Redescription of the females of Amblyseius silvaticus Chant, 1959, A. ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, A. omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a and A. myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi, 2009 are provided and males of A. silvaticus and A. ampullosus are described for the first time. Other species such as A. rademacheri Dosse, 1958, A. krantzi Chant, 1959, A. meridionalis Berlese, 1914 and A. obtusus Koch, 1839 already redescribed in detail (Kolodochka and Gwiazdowicz [2016], Faraji et al. [2011], Döker et al. [2020]) and no need to provide full redescription in this study.

Materials and methods

The mites were collected directly from plant leaves using stereomicroscope Discovery V8 and placed in vials filled with 96% ethanol. Mites from bark and soil samples were extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. Specimens were cleared in lactic acid solution and mounted in Hoyer's medium (Walter and Krantz 2009).

Systematics of Phytoseiidae follows that of Chant and McMurtry (2007). Setal nomenclature for the dorsal idiosoma follows that of Lindquist and Evans (1965) as adapted by Rowell et al. (1978), and Chant and Yoshida-Shaul (1991) for ventral idiosoma. The chaetotaxy of the palp tibia and tarsus and the distal part of tarsus I follows that of Jackson (1974). Chaetotaxy of other parts of legs and palps follows that of Evans (1963, 1964, 1969). For designation of dorsal solenostomes and poroids, nomenclature proposed by Athias-Henriot (1975) and Johnston and Moraza (1991) for ventral surface of idiosoma was used. Terminology of the morphological structures of spermatodactyl follows that of Beard (2001). World distribution of investigated species is based on Demite et al. (2020). Measurements of morphological structure are given in micrometers (µm) and presented as a mean followed by the range in parenthesis. Morphological observations, illustrations and measurements were made using compound microscope Axio Imager A2 (Carl Zeiss, Germany), equipped with differential interference contrast (DIC) and phase contrast optical system. Pictures were taken with Axiocam 506 color (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Dorsal shield length measured along the midline from j1 setae level to J5 setae level; dorsal shield width taken at R1 setae level. Length and width of sternal shield were measured as distance between bases of setae ST1-ST3 and ST2-ST2 for females and distance between bases of setae ST1-ST5, ST2-ST2 for males, respectively. Length of legs is from basis of the coxa to apex of the tarsus, excluding pre-tarsus.

The following abbreviations are used in this paper for morphological characters: Dsl – dorsal shield length; Dsw – dorsal shield width; Vsl – ventrianal shield length; Vsw ZV2 – ventrianal shield width at ZV2 setae level; Nbf – number of teeth on the fixed digit; Nbm – number of teeth on the movable digit.

All examined materials are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia.

Results

Family Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916

Subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma, 1961

Tribe Amblyseiini Muma, 1961

Subtribe Amblyseiina Muma, 1961

Genus Amblyseius Berlese, 1914

Type species: Zercon obtusus Koch, 1839, by original designation.

Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant) (Figs. 1-8, 26A)

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) silvaticus Chant, 1959: 94, Figs. 216, 217.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) sylvaticus (sic): Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus silvaticus: Hirschmann 1962: 24.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) silvaticus: Denmark & Muma 1989: 73.

Amblyseius patrius Karg, 1970: 295 (synonymized by Denmark & Muma, 1989: 73).

Figure 1. Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), female: A – dorsal idiosoma, B – ventral idiosoma.

Figure 2. Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), male: A – chelicera and spermatodactyle, female: B – chelicera, C – dorsal view of left palp tarsus, D – anterior margin of epistom, E – spermatheca, F – subcapitulum, G – left palp excepting tarsus, dorsal aspect, H – peritrema.

Figure 3. Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), female: A–D – right legs I-IV, respectively, excepting tarsi, ventral view, macrosetae depicted in solid black.

Figure 4. Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), female: right tarsi I-IV, respectively, macrosetae depicted in solid black: A – dorsal aspect; B – apical sensorial setal cluster area, C–E – ventral aspect.

Figure 5. Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), male: A – dorsal idiosoma; B – ventral idiosoma.

Figure 6. SEM pictures of Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), female: A – left tarsus of palp, dorsal aspect; B – right tarsus of palp, dorsal aspect; C – apical sensorial setal cluster area of tarsus I, left leg, dorsal aspect; D – apical sensorial setal cluster area of tarsus I, right leg, dorsal aspect.

Figure 7. Phase contrast (A, B) and DIC (C, D, E) pictures of Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959). A – dorsal idiosoma of female, B – ventral idiosoma of female, C – chelicera of male with spermatodactyle, D – chelicera of female, E – spermatheca.

Material examined — two females, Russia, Tyumen province, vicinity of Tyunevo, 57°22' N, 65°41' E, 25 September 2018, A. Khaustov coll., on mushrooms of Armillaria genus; 8 females and 5 males, Russia, Tyumen province, Uspenka state zoological reserve, 57°04'N, 65°04'E, 28 June 2019, A. Khaustov coll., on bark of Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sylvestris L., (Pinaceae) and Betula pendula Roth., (Betulaceae).

World distribution — Cuba, England, Finland, Norway, Switzerland (Demite et al. 2020).

RedescriptionFemale (Figs. 1, 2B-2H, 3, 4, 6, 7A, 7B, 7D, 7E, 26A) (n = 10)

Idiosomal setal pattern – 10A:9B/JV–3:ZV.

Dorsal idiosoma (Figs. 1A, 7A) – Dorsal shield oval, smooth, 372 (351-386) long and 250 (240-266) wide; with 19 pairs of setae (included r3 and R1), all setae smooth, except J5, Z4 and Z5, slightly barbed; length of setae: j1 34 (30-38), j3 61 (58-67), j4 6 (5-7), j5 5 (4-6), j6 6 (5-7), J2 6 (5-6), J5 9 (8-10), z2 20 (18-21), z4 37 (31-43), z5 5 (5-6), Z1 6 (5-7), Z4 146 (134-160), Z5 247 (233-258), s4 113 (107-116), S2 7 (7-9), S4 7 (6-7), S5 7 (6-8); setae r3 26 (24-28) and R1 9 (8-9) on lateral soft cuticle; dorsal shield with seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 16 pairs of poroids.

Gnathosoma (Figs. 2A – 2D, 2F, 2G) – Anterior margin of epistome bump-like and smooth. Hypostomal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles, each row with two teeth; subcapitular setae h1, h2, h3 subequal (28-30), slightly shorter than palp coxal setae (pc) 34-35. Chaetotaxy of palps: trochanter with two setae v1, v2; femur with five setae, thickened and apically spatulate antero-lateral al, three dorsal (d1, d2, d3) and one postero-lateral (pl); genu with six setae, antero-lateral setae (al1 and al2) thickened , three dorsal setae (d1, d2, d3) and one postero-lateral (pl); tibia with 14 setae, one antero-lateral (al), eight dorsal d18, two setae di-1, di-2, arise from the dorsal surface at the distal end, two ventral (v1, v2) and one postero-lateral (pl); tarsus with 15 setae (six simple d1, d2, d3, v1, v2, v3; nine stout setae with rounded tips di-1 to di-9) and two-tined apotele (Fig. 2C).

Chelicera (Figs. 2B, 7D) – fixed digit 34 (31-37) long, with 10-11 teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 34 (31-38) long, with three teeth.

Ventral idiosoma (Figs. 1B, 7B) – Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae 96-97, fused basally 41-44, columnar base 16-17 × 12-13 wide. Sternal shield smooth, 71 (68-72) long and 80 (78-82) wide, with three pairs of setae ST1 38 (35-43), ST2 32 (30-35), ST3 32 (31-33) and two pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2. Setae ST4 34 (32-36) located on small separate metasternal platelets, each with one pore iv3.

Genital shield smooth, 80 (75-84) wide at level of base of setae ST5 35 (32-38), para-genital poroids iv5 on soft cuticle.

Opisthosomatic venter with two pairs of elongated metapodal platelets, primary 24 (22-27) and accessory 16 (12-19) long; four pairs of setae, ZV1 21 (19-24), ZV3 14 (12-16), JV4 16 (13-17), JV5 103 (92-109) long, all smooth, and four pairs of poroids.

Ventrianal shield pentagonal in shape, smooth, 120 (115-125) long and 96 (92-100) wide at level of setae ZV2, with three pairs of pre-anal setae JV1 23 (22-25), ZV2 21 (20-25), JV2 25 (23-26), with small rounded pre-anal pores gv3 (distance between pores 45 (43-47)); para-anal setae 22 (21-23) and post-anal seta 26 (24-28).

Peritreme (Figs. 1A, 2H) – extends anteriorly to setae j1.

Spermatheca (Figs. 2E, 7E) – Calyx bell-shaped, 10 (8-13) long and at the opening 8 (7-11) wide, sides of calyx curved; atrium C-shaped, connected without neck with calyx; major duct thick, minor duct not visible.

Legs (Figs. 3, 4) – Legs I 393 (386-405) and IV 425 (412-429) longer than legs II 320 (313-329) and III 320 (317-329). Chaetotaxy normal for phytoseiid mites: Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2 2, genu 2 2/1 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/1 1, genu 2 2/0 2/0 1, tibia 1 2/1 1/1 1. Leg III: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/0 1. Chaetotaxy of tarsi II-IV typical for Phytoseiidae and bears 18 setae 3 3/2 3/2 3 + mv, md. Tarsus I with 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 13-15 with rounded tip, d4 30-34. Apical sensorial setal cluster (Fig. 26A) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(12-14), df-3 (7-8) and df-7 (6-7) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-2 (5-6), df-5 (6-8), df-6 (12-13) and df-8 (11-12) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (8-9), df-9 (8-9) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (5-6) located between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip. Measurements of macrosetae as follows: SgeI 36 (35-39), SgeII 40 (38-41), SgeIII 64 (58-73), SgeIV 143 (132-153), StiIII 43 (40-46), StiIV 108 (102-117), StIV 84 (78-93). All macrosetae are acuminate.

Male (Figs. 2A, 5, 7C, 8) (n = 5)

Figure 8. Phase contrast pictures of Amblyseius silvaticus (Chant, 1959), male: A – dorsal idiosoma, B – ventral idiosoma.

Idiosomal setal pattern – 10A:9B/JV-3,4:ZV-1,3.

Dorsal idiosoma (Figs. 5A, 8A) – Dorsal shield oval, smooth, 312 (306-316) long and 226 wide. As in female, dorsal shield with 19 pairs of setae, most of which smooth, except Z4 and Z5, slightly barbed. Setae r3 located on dorsal shield, setae R1 on lateral soft cuticle or on dorsal shield. Length of dorsal setae as follows: j1 29 (27-30), j3 49 (46-52), j4 5 (4-7), j5 5 (4-5), j6 5 (5-6), J2 5 (5-6), J5 8 (7-8), z2 18 (17-18), z4 29 (28-32), z5 5 (4-5), Z1 5, Z4 106 (104-118), Z5 168 (163-174), s4 84 (81-91), S2 7, S4 6 (5-6), S5 5 (5-6), r3 18 (17-20), R1 6 (5-6). Number and location of solenostomes and pores as in female, except gd3, which situated on dorsal shield posteriad base of setae s4.

Ventral idiosoma (Figs. 5B, 8B) – Sternogenital shield smooth with few sclerotized lines laterally, 125 (123-127) long (ST1-ST5) and 70 (69-72) wide (ST2-ST2); five pairs of setae ST1 30 (25-31), ST2 23 (21-26), ST3 24 (22-26), ST4 22 (20-25), ST5 22 (20-23) and three pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2, iv3.

Ventrianal shield reticulated only in anterior part, with three pairs of pre-anal setae JV1 17 (16-18), JV2 20 (17-22), ZV2 17 (16-20), one pair of anal setae PA 17 (16-17) and post-anal setae PST 20 (20-21), a pair of pre-anal pores gv3, posteriad base of setae JV2 and four pairs of poroids iv5, iv0, iv0, iv0. Ventrianal shield 139 (136-146) long, measured along midline; 185 (178-196) wide at level of anterolateral corners. Opisthogastric cuticle with one pair of setae JV5 53 (50-57) and one pair of poroids ivp.

Chelicera (Figs. 2A, 7C) – Fixed digit 25 (23-26) long, with 9-10 teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 25 long with 1 tooth. Spermatodactyl as in Figs. 2A, 7C; shaft of spermatodactyl 14 (13-14) long.

Legs – Legs I 344 (335-346) and IV 371 (367-374) longer than legs II 283 (278-289) and III 288 (279-289). Legs chaetotaxy as in female. Measurements of macrosetae as follow: SgeII 33 (31-36), SgeIII 45 (41-47), SgeIV 97 (91-102), StiIII 36 (33-38), StiIV 72 (66-73), StIV 71 (67-75).

Remarks — In Denmark and Muma (1989), Amblyseius silvaticus is placed in the silvaticus species group. Also, Denmark and Muma (1989) synonymized A. silvaticus and A. patrius Karg. Karg and Huhta (2009) then removed this synonymy and updated the identification key of the species group. According to the key of Karg and Huhta (2009), the present specimens from Western Siberia are intermediate between A. silvaticus and A. tavasticus in having ratio lengths of setae z2/z3 as in A. tavasticus and shape of spermatheca and length of setae Z5 as in A. silvaticus. Also, A. tavasticus in original description differs in number of teeth on fixed digit (14-16 versus 10-11 in the present Siberian specimens) and presence of delicate transverse lines on the dorsal shield. At my request, Drs Veikko Huhta (University of Jyväskylä, Finland) and Axel Christian (Senckenberg National Museum, Görlitz, Germany) examined paratypes of A. tavasticus deposited in Museum of Zoology, Helsinki, Finland and Senckenberg National Museum, Görlitz, Germany, respectively. They confirmed the absence of transverse lines on the dorsal shield. In specimens from Senckenberg National Museum, the number of teeth on fixed digit was about 10-11. The only relevant difference between A. silvaticus and A. tavasticus is thus the shape of calyx of spermatheca. In A. tavasticus it is wider than long, while in A. silvaticus the length and width of calyx is subequal (figure 2E). Siberian specimens show some variability in length/width ratio of calyx from equal length and width to length slightly longer than width. Both species have the same habitats and live on bark of trees, mainly in spruce forests. In my opinion, A. tavasticus is likely a potential junior synonym of A. silvaticus.

Table 1. Character measurements of adult females of Amblyseius silvaticus collected in this study compared to previously published character measurements of adult females of A. silvaticus and A. tavasticus (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan

Amblyseius ampullosus Wu & Lan, 1991: 316.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) ampullosus: Wu et al. 2009: 199.

Figure 9. Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, female: A – dorsal idiosoma; B – ventral idiosoma.

Figure 10. Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991: A – chelicera of female, B – chelicera and spermatodactyle of male, C – anterior margin of epistom, D – dorsal view of left palp tarsus, E – spermatheca, F – subcapitulum, G – left palp, excepting tarsus, dorsal aspect, H – peritrema.

Figure 11. Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, female: right legs I-IV, respectively, excluding tarsus, ventral aspect, macrosetae depicted in solid black.

Figure 12. Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, female: right tarsi I-IV, respectively, macrosetae depicted in solid black. A – dorsal aspect; B – apical sensorial setal cluster area, C–E –ventral aspect.

Figure 13. Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, male: A – dorsal idiosoma, B – ventral idiosoma.

Figure 14. Phase contrast (A, B) and DIC (C, D, E) pictures of Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991: A – dorsal idiosoma of adult female, B – ventral idiosoma of female, C – chelicera of female, D – chelicera of male with spermatodactyle, E – spermatheca.

Material examined — seven females, one male, Russia, Kurgan province, vicinity of Zverinogolovskoe, 54°27' N, 64°51' E, 28 September 2019, A. Khaustov coll., from sod.

World distribution — China, Iran (Demite et al. 2020).

RedescriptionFemale (Figs. 9, 10A, 10C – 10H, 11, 12, 14A – 14C, 14E, 26B) (n = 5)

Idiosomal setal pattern – 10A:9B/JV–3:ZV.

Dorsal idiosoma (Figs. 9A, 14A) – Dorsal shield oval, smooth, 333 (327-344) long, 230 (227-236) wide, with 19 pairs of setae (included r3 and R1), all setae smooth. Length of setae: j1 22 (21-24), j3 40 (39-43), j4 6, j5 5 (5-6), j6 5 (5-6), J2 5 (5-6), J5 11 (11-12), z2 12 (11-14), z4 12 (10-14), z5 5, Z1 6 (6-7), Z4 86 (82-91), Z5 139 (132-148), s4 58 (56-64), S2 9 (9-10), S4 10 (9-10), S5 11; setae r3 15 and R1 9 (8-9) situated on lateral soft cuticle; dorsal shield with seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9), and 16 pairs of poroids.

Gnathosoma (Figs. 10A-10D, 10F, 10G) – Anterior margin of epistom smoothly mucronate. Hypostomal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles, each row with two teeth; subcapitular setae h1, h2, h3 and palp coxal setae pc are subequal in length 21-24. Chaetotaxy of palps as in A. silvaticus.

Chelicera (Figs. 10A, 14C) – fixed digit 27 (26-27) long, with four teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 27 (26-28) long, with two teeth.

Ventral idiosoma (Figs. 9B, 14B) – Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae 74-77, fused basally 28-31, columnar base 14-16 × 9-10 wide. Sternal shield smooth, 60 (58-62) long and 65 (64-65) wide, with 3 pairs of setae ST1 27 (26-28), ST2 23 (22-24), ST3 26 (24-27) and two pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2. Setae ST4 26 (24-26) situated on small separate metasternal platelets, each with one pore iv3.

Genital shield smooth, 59 (58-61) wide at level of base setae ST5 25 (24-26), para-genital poroids iv5 on soft cuticle.

Opisthosomatic venter with two pairs of elongate metapodal platelets, primary 22 (20-26) and accessory 14 (13-16) long; soft cuticle with four pairs of setae, ZV1 16, ZV3 10 (9-10), JV4 10 (8-11), JV5 68 (67-69) long, all smooth, and six pairs of poroids.

Ventrianal shield pentagonal, with reticulation in the anterior area, 104 (103-113) long and 86 (81-89) wide, with three pairs of pre-anal setae JV1 17 (16-17), ZV2 17 (16-18), JV2 20 (20-21) long with small rounded pre-anal pores gv3 (distance between pores 41 (35-43)); para-anal setae PA 18 (17-19) and post-anal seta PST 22 (21-22) long.

Peritreme (Figs. 9A, 10H) – extends anteriorly to setae j1.

Spermatheca (Figs. 10E, 14E) – Calyx funnel-shaped, 17 (16-20) long and at the opening 14 (13-15) wide; atrium nodular-like, connected without neck with calyx; major duct thick, minor duct visible.

Legs (Figs. 11, 12, 26B) – Legs I 351 (347-357) and IV 339 (335-342) longer than legs II 259 (255-264) and III 256 (250-258). Chaetotaxy normal for phytoseiid mites: Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2 2, genu 2 2/1 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/1 1, genu 2 2/0 2/1 1, tibia 1 2/1 1/1 1. Leg III: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/0 1. Chaetotaxy of tarsi II-IV typical for Phytoseiidae, with 18 setae 3 3/2 3/2 3 + mv, md. Tarsus I bears 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 26-28 with rounded tip, d4 33-35. Apical sensorial setal cluster (Fig. 26B) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(12), df-2 (6-7), df-3 (8) and df-7 (8) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-5 (6), df-6 (17) and df-8 (10-11) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (10-11), df-9 (8-10) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (5-6) located between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip.

Measurements of macrosetae as follows: SgeII 30 (27-32), SgeIII 31 (29-34), SgeIV 69 (65-75), StiIV 53 (47-59), StIV 55 (51-59). All macrosetae are spine-like and acuminate.

Table 2. Character measurements of adult females of Amblyseius ampullosus collected in this study compared to previously published character measurements of adult females of A. ampullosus (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Male (Figs. 10B, 13, 14D, 15) (n = 1)

Figure 15. DIC pictures of Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, male: A – dorsal idiosoma; B – ventral idiosoma.

Idiosomal setal pattern – 10A:9B/JV-3,4:ZV-1,3

Dorsal idiosoma (Figs. 13A, 15A) – Dorsal shield oval, smooth, 291 long and 219 wide. As in the female, dorsal shield with 19 pairs of setae, all smooth. Setae r3 and R1 situated on dorsal shield. Length of setae: j1 19, j3 33, j4 5, j5 5, j6 5, J2 5, J5 8, z2 9, z4 8, z5 5, Z1 5, Z4 70, Z5 107, s4 47, S2 9, S4 8, S5 8, r3 13, R1 7. Number and location of solenostomes and pores as in female, except gd3, which situated on dorsal shield posteriad base of setae s4.

Ventral idiosoma (Figs. 13B, 15B) —- Sternogenital shield smooth, 106 long (ST1-ST5) and 58 wide (ST2-ST2); 5 pairs of setae ST1 17, ST2 16, ST3 19, ST4 16, ST5 14 and three pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2, iv3.

Ventrianal shield reticulated on anterior part, with three pairs of pre-anal setae JV1 15, JV2 17, ZV2 14, pair of anal setae PA 15 and post-anal setae PST 21, a pair of pre-anal pores gv3, posteriad base of setae JV2 and four pairs of poroids iv5, ivo, ivo, ivo. Ventrianal shield 131 long, measured along midline; 152 wide at level of anterolateral corners. Opisthogastric soft cuticle with one pair of setae JV5 29 and three pair of poroids ivp, ivo, ivo.

Chelicera (Figs. 10B, 14D) – Fixed digit 23 long, with three teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 24 long with one tooth. Spermatodactyl as in Fig. 10B; spermatodactyl shaft 16 long.

Legs chaetotaxy as in female. Measurements of macrosetae as follow: SgeII 23, SgeIII 25, SgeIV 50, StiIV 39, StIV 51.

RemarksAmblyseius ampullosus is very similar to A. verginensis Papadoulis, 1995, but differs in atrium shape of spermatheca, slightly bulbous and C-shaped in A. verginensis (vs. well sclerotized and nodular-like in A. ampullosus) (Figure 10E). This species was originally described from China, mountain He-Lan-Shan, on Artemisia sp. (Wu and Lan, 1991). It was also recorded and redescribed from Iran, from soil (Shirdel et al., 2009), and this is the first record from Russia.

My newly collected material agree very well with the original description given by Wu and Lan (1991).

The male of A. ampullosus is described for the first time.

Amblyseius krantzi (Chant)

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) krantzi Chant, 1959: 83.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) krantzi: Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus krantzi: Hirschmann 1962: 23 Fig 232.

Amblyseius krantzi: Wainstein 1975: 920.

Typhlodromips krantzi: Moraes et al. 1986: 142

Typhlodromips krantzi: Moraes et al. 2004: 215.

World distribution — Alaska, Canada, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, USA (Demite et al. 2020).

Material examined — 12 females, Russia, Tyumen province, Uspenka state zoological reserve, 57°04'N, 65°04'E, 07 August 2018 and 28 June 2019, V.A. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) and Geranium sylvaticum L. (Geraniaceae); 32 females and 2 males, Russia, Tyumen province, vicinity of Tyunevo, 57°22' N, 65°41' E, 12 October 2017, 25 September 2018, V.A. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Geum rivale L. (Rosaceae), Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiaceae) and Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., (Rosaceae); 1 female, Russia, Tyumen province, vicinity of lake Kuchak, 57°21'N, 66°03'E, 31 July 2018, V.A. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Rubus saxatilis L. (Rosaceae).

Supplementary descriptionFemale Tarsus I bears 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 13-15 with rounded tip, d4 25. Apical sensorial setal cluster (Fig. 26C) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(13), df-2 (4), df-3 (9) and df-7 (8) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-5 (8-9), df-6 (12-13) and df-8 (11) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (10-11), df-9 (10) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (5-6) located between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip.

Remarks — This species was originally described from Nakusp, British Columbia, Canada, on Ranunculus sp. as T. (Amblyseius) berlesei (Chant 1957). In 1959, this species was renamed to A. krantzi (Chant 1959). In Russia, this species was previously recorded from the Moscow (Meshkov 1999) and Yaroslavl provinces (Wainstein 1975). This species is recorded for the first time in Asian Russia. The characteristics of the specimens herein considered agree well with those of the descriptions given by Chant and Hunsell (1971), Congdon (2002) and Kolodochka and Gwiazdowicz (2016). However, the number of teeth on the movable digit in the material here observed is a variable character as some females had two teeth instead of three in the original description and further redescriptions. This species is common on grassy plants in dark spruce forests or in mixed forests with a predominance of spruce. It could be often found together with Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse (personal observation).

Amblyseius meridionalis Berlese

Amblyseius obtusus var. meridionalis Berlese, 1914: 144.

Typhlodromus obtusus var. meridionalis: Chant 1957: 306.

Amblyseius meridionalis: Athias-Henriot 1958: 32

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) meridionalis: Chant 1959: 85.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) meridionalis: Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus meridionalis: Hirschmann 1962: 23.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) meridionalis: Westerboer & Bernhard 1963: 690.

Amblyseius (Pauciseius) meridionalis: Denmark & Muma 1989: 131.

Amblyseius calicis Karg, 1960: 444 (synonymized by Karg, 1971: 214).

Amblyseius spiramentatus Athias-Henriot, 1961: 429 (synonymized by Ueckermann & Loots, 1988: 79).

World distribution — Algeria, Azerbaijan, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Morocco, Poland, Spain, Russia (Livshitz and Kuznetsov 1972), Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA (Demite et al. 2020).

Material examined — three females, Russia, Tyumen Province, vicinity of Malinovka, 55°06' N, 65°04 E, 08 May 2019, A. Khaustov coll., in the soil.

Supplementary descriptionFemale Tarsus I with 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 25 with rounded tip, d4 34. Apical sensorial setal cluster (26D) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(13), df-3 (8) and df-7 (8) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-2 (7), df-5 (5), df-6 (16) and df-8 (10) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (11), df-9 (8) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (6) situated between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip.

Remarks — This species was originally described from Potenza, Basilicata, Italy, in humus (Berlese 1914). It is known from 21 countries in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions (Moraes et al. 2004; Demite et al. 2020). It was previously recorded from leaves of Poterium polygamum (Rosaceae) in Crimea, Russia by Livshitz and Kuznetsov (1972). Siberian specimens well agree with redescription given by Faraji et al. (2011). This species is recorded for the first time in Asian Russia.

Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse

Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse, 1958a: 44.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) rademacheri: Chant 1959: 89.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromopsis) rademacheri: Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus rademacheri: Hirschmann 1962: 25 Fig 222.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) rademacheri: Westerboer & Bernhard 1963: 658.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) rademacheri: Ehara 1966: 23.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) rademacheri: Karg 1971:185.

Typhlodromips rademacheri: Moraes et al. 1986: 145.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) rademacheri: Ehara & Amano 1998: 31.

Typhlodromips khnzoriani Wainstein & Arutunjan, 1970: 1498 (synonymized by Wainstein 1975: 658).

World distribution — Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine (Demite et al. 2020).

Material examined — 22 females, 1 male, Russia, Tyumen Province, vicinity of lake Kuchak, 57°21'N, 66°03'E, 31 June 2018, V. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Geum rivale L. (Rosaceae); 28 females, 2 males, Russia, Tyumen Province, Uspenka state zoological reserve, 57°04'N, 65°04'E, 26 July 2018, 07 August 2018, 12 July 2019, 15 August 2019, V. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae), Salix caprea L. (Salicaceae), Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae), Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae); 29 females, 8 males, Tyumen Province, vicinity of Verkhniy Bor, 57°13'N, 65°28'E, 16 September 2017, 08 July 2018, 12 July 2018, V. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Lilium martagon L. (Liliaceae), Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., (Rosaceae), Valeriana wolgensis Kazak. (Valerianaceae), Geranium sylvaticum L. (Geraniaceae), Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Rosaceae), Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiaceae), Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae); 14 females, 4 males, Russia, Tyumen Province, forest park Zatyumensky, 57°09' N, 65°27' E, 24 August 2019, 13 September 2019, V. Khaustov coll., on leaves of Geranium sylvaticum L. (Geraniaceae) and Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiaceae).

Supplementary descriptionFemale Tarsus I with 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 15 with rounded tip, d4 30-32. Apical sensorial setal cluster (27A) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(14), df-3 (9) and df-7 (7-8) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-2 (5-6), df-5 (8), df-6 (12) and df-8 (10-12) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (9), df-9 (9) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (6) situated between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip.

Remarks — All measurements and morphological characters of Siberian specimens are very close to those of the redescription of Kolodochka and Gwiazdowicz (2016). This species is the most abundant in the investigated area. It is common on various grassy plants and often found with another species of Phytoseiidae mites in the present survey.

Amblyseius obtusus (Koch)

Zercon obtusus Koch, 1839: 13.

Seius obtusus: Berlese 1889: 7.

Typhlodromus obtusus: Chant 1957: 306.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) obtusus: Chant 1959: 90.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) obtusus: Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus affatisetus Wainstein, 1960: 683 (synonymized by Wainstein 1975: 916).

Amblyseius microsetae Muma, 1961: 289 (synonymized by Denmark & Muma 1989: 7).

Amblyseius hamizensis Athias-Henriot, 1961: 421 (synonymized by Wainstein 1975: 916).

Amblyseius rabdus Denmark, 1965: 95 (synonymized by Denmark & Muma, 1989: 7).

Amblyseius kurashvilii Gomelauri, 1968b: 515 (synonymized by Denmark & Muma 1989: 7).

Amblyseius isuki Chant & Hansell, 1971: 714 (synonymized by Wainstein 1975: 916).

Amblyseius bajulus Chaudhri, Akbar & Rasool, 1979: 70 (synonymized by Denmark & Muma 1989: 7).

World distribution — Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Azores, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Haiti, Hawaii, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Morocco, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, Venezuela (Demite et al. 2020).

Material examined — two females, Russia, Tyumen Province, vicinity of lake Kuchak, 57°21'N, 66°03'E, 27 April 2018, 11 August 2018, A. Khaustov coll., from humus; one female, Russia, Tyumen Province, forest park Zatyumensky, 57°09' N, 65°27' E, 19 April 2019, A. Khaustov coll., from moss.

Supplementary descriptionFemale Tarsus I with 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 18-19 with rounded tip, d4 33-35. Apical sensorial setal cluster (27B) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(14), df-3 (8) and df-7 (8-9) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-2 (7), df-5 (6), df-6 (16-17) and df-8 (11-12) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (10), df-9 (9-10) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (5) situated between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip.

RemarksAmblyseius obtusus is a cosmopolitan species, reported in more than 30 countries (Demite et al., 2020). All measurements and morphological characters of Siberian specimens are very close to redescription of Döker et al. (2020). It is a first record of A. obtusus in Asian Russia.

Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri

Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a: 702

Amblyseius benefactor Meshkov, 1991: 139 (synonymized by Meshkov 1999: 430).

Figure 16. Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a, female: A – dorsal idiosoma; B – ventral idiosoma.

Figure 17. Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a: A – subcapitulum, B – chelicera, C – anterior margin of epistom, D – spermatheca, E – right palp, excepting tarsus, dorsal aspect, F – dorsal view of right palp tarsus, G – peritrema.

Figure 18. Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a, female: left legs I-IV, respectively, excluding tarsus, ventral aspect, macrosetae depicted in solid black.

Figure 19. Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a, female: left tarsi I-IV, respectively, macrosetae depicted in solid black. A – dorsal aspect; B–D – ventral aspect.

Figure 20. Phase contrast (A, B) and DIC (C, D) micrographs of Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968a: A – dorsal idiosoma of adult female, B – ventral idiosoma of female, C – chelicera of female, D – spermatheca.

World distribution — Georgia, Russia, Lithuania, Moldova (Kolodochka 2006; Demite et al. 2020).

Material examined — seven females, Russia, Tyumen Province, Uspenka state zoological reserve, 57°04'N, 65°04'E, 02 October 2017, 06 September 2019, A. Khaustov coll., from moss.

RedescriptionFemale (Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27C) (n = 4)

Idiosomal setal pattern – 10A:9B/JV–3:ZV.

Dorsal idiosoma (Figs. 16A, 20A) – Dorsal shield oval, smooth, 353 (340-371) long and 232 (229-236) wide; with 19 pairs of setae (included r3 and R1), all setae smooth, except Z4 and Z5, slightly barbed; length of setae: j1 26 (25-27), j3 42 (40-44), j4 6 (5-6), j5 5 (5-6), j6 5 (5-6), J2 5 (5-6), J5 9 (8-10), z2 15 (15-16), z4 15 (13-16), z5 5 (5-6), Z1 6 (5-6), Z4 91 (90-92), Z5 140 (132-147), s4 63 (62-67), S2 9 (8-10), S4 8 (7-9), S5 8 (7-8); setae r3 18 (17-18) and R1 14 (13-14) on lateral soft cuticle; dorsal shield with seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 16 pairs of poroids.

Gnathosoma (Figs. 17A, 17C, 17E, 17F) – Anterior margin of epistome bump-like and smooth. Hypostomal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles, each row with two teeth; subcapitular setae h1 31 (30-32), h2 25 (24-25), h3 25 (24-25), palp coxal setae (pc) 31 (30-31). Chaetotaxy of palps: trochanter with two setae v1, v2; femur with five setae, thickened and apically spatulate antero-lateral al, three dorsal (d1, d2, d3) and one postero-lateral (pl); genu with six setae, antero-lateral setae (al1 and al2) thickened , three dorsal setae (d1, d2, d3) and one postero-lateral (pl); tibia with 14 setae, one antero-lateral (al), eight dorsal d18, two setae di-1, di-2, arise from the dorsal surface at the distal end, two ventral (v1, v2) and one postero-lateral (pl); tarsus with 15 setae (six simple d1, d2, d3, v1, v2, v3; nine stout setae with rounded tips di-1 to di-9) and two-tined apotele (Fig. 17F).

Chelicera (Figs. 17B, 20C) – fixed digit 30 (28-34) long, with 15-16 teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 34 (34-36) long, with three teeth.

Ventral idiosoma (Figs. 16B, 20B) – Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae 81-84, fused basally 34-35, columnar base 13-15 × 10-12 wide. Sternal shield smooth, 65 (64-66) long and 68 (67-69) wide, with three pairs of setae ST1 32 (27-35), ST2 26 (24-30), ST3 26 (23-27) and two pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2. Setae ST4 27 (25-32) situated on small separate metasternal platelets, each with one pore iv3.

Genital shield smooth, 71 (70-71) wide at level of base of setae ST5 26 (24-28), para-genital poroids iv5 on soft cuticle.

Opisthosomatic venter with two pairs of elongated metapodal platelets, primary 20 (19-21) and accessory 14 (14-15) long; four pairs of setae, ZV1 16 (16-17), ZV3 12 (10-13), JV4 14 (13-14), JV5 66 (63-70) long, all smooth, and five pairs of poroids.

Ventrianal shield pentagonal in shape, reticulate, 115 (113-117) long and 93 (91-94) wide at level of setae ZV2, with three pairs of pre-anal setae JV1 18 (17-19), ZV2 18 (17-19), JV2 21 (20-21), with small rounded pre-anal pores gv3 (distance between pores 43 (42-45)); para-anal setae 19 (18-20) and post-anal setae 20 (19-21).

Peritreme (Figs. 16A, 17G, 20A) – extends anteriorly to setae j1.

Spermatheca (Figs. 17D, 20D) – Calyx tube-like, 25 (24-25) long and at the opening 6 (6-7) wide; atrium C-shaped, connected without neck with calyx; major duct thick, minor duct not visible.

Legs (Figs. 18, 19) – Legs I 344 (340-349) and IV 350 (345-353) longer than legs II 278 (276-279) and III 271 (267-273). Chaetotaxy normal for phytoseiid mites: Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2 2, genu 2 2/1 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/1 1, genu 2 2/0 2/1 1, tibia 1 2/1 1/1 1. Leg III: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/0 1. Chaetotaxy of tarsi II-IV typical for Phytoseiidae and bears 18 setae 3 3/2 3/2 3 + mv, md. Tarsus I with 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 13 with rounded tip, d4 28-32. Apical sensorial setal cluster (27C) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(13), df-3 (7) and df-7 (8) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-2 (4), df-5 (6), df-6 (16) and df-8 (9-10) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (9), df-9 (8) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (5) situated between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip. Measurements of macrosetae as follows: SgeII 30 (28-31), SgeIII 34 (32-35), SgeIV 75 (70-80), StiIV 62 (60-64), StIV 59 (58-59). All macrosetae are acuminate.

Table 3. Character measurements of adult females of Amblyseius omaloensis collected in this study compared to previously published character measurements of adult females of A. omaloensis (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

RemarksAmblyseius omaloensis is known only from Europe (Demite et al., 2020). All measurements and morphological characters of Siberian specimens are very close to description of Meshkov (1991). It is the first record of A. omaloensis in Asian Russia.

Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi

Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel & Kapaxidi, 2009: 57, Fig. 33.

Figure 21. Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi, 2009, female: A – dorsal idiosoma; B – ventral idiosoma.

Figure 22. Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi, 2009: A – chelicera, B – right palp, excepting tarsus, dorsal aspect, C – dorsal view of right palp tarsus, D – anterior margin of epistom, E – subcapitulum, F – peritrema, G – spermatheca.

Figure 23. Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi, 2009, female: left legs I-IV, respectively, excluding tarsus, ventral aspect, macrosetae depicted in solid black.

Figure 24. Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi, 2009, female: left tarsi I-IV, respectively, macrosetae depicted in solid black. A – dorsal aspect; B–D – ventral aspect.

Figure 25. Phase contrast (A, B) and DIC (C, D) micrographs of Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis, Emmanouel and Kapaxidi, 2009: A – dorsal idiosoma of adult female, B – ventral idiosoma of female, C – chelicera of female, D – spermatheca.

World distribution — Greece (Demite et al. 2020).

Material examined — six females, Russia, Tyumen Province, forest park Zatyumensky, 57°09' N, 65°27' E, 26 April 2019, A, Khaustov coll., from soil; 2 females, Russia, Kurgan Province, vicinity of Zverinogolovskoe, 54°27' N, 64°51' E, 28 September 2019, A, Khaustov coll., from soil; 2 females, Russia, Tyumen Province, vicinity of lake Kuchak, 57°21'N, 66°03'E, 27 April 2018, A, Khaustov coll., from soil.

RedescriptionFemale (Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27D) (n = 4)

Idiosomal setal pattern – 10A:9B/JV–3:ZV.

Dorsal idiosoma (Figs. 21A, 25A) – Dorsal shield broadly oval, smooth, 362 (360-363) long and 262 (246-279) wide; with 19 pairs of setae (included r3 and R1), all setae smooth; length of setae: j1 24 (22-25), j3 43 (41-46), j4 6 (6), j5 6 (5-6), j6 6 (5-6), J2 7 (6-7), J5 11 (10-12), z2 13 (11-14), z4 9 (8-10), z5 6 (6), Z1 7 (6-7), Z4 89 (86-92), Z5 164 (156-173), s4 60 (57-62), S2 11 (10-12), S4 10 (9-10), S5 11 (10-11); setae r3 15 (14-15) and R1 10 (9-11) on lateral soft cuticle; dorsal shield with seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9) and 16 pairs of poroids.

Gnathosoma (Figs. 22B, 22C, 22D, 22E) – Anterior margin of epistome bump-like and smooth. Hypostomal groove with seven transverse rows of denticles, each row with two or three teeth; subcapitular setae h1 25 (24-26), h2 24 (23-24), h3 24 (23-24), palp coxal setae (pc) 28 (27-28). Chaetotaxy of palps: trochanter with two setae v1, v2; femur with five setae, thickened and apically spatulate antero-lateral al, three dorsal (d1, d2, d3) and one postero-lateral (pl); genu with six setae, antero-lateral setae (al1 and al2) thickened , three dorsal setae (d1, d2, d3) and one postero-lateral (pl); tibia with 14 setae, one antero-lateral (al), eight dorsal d18, two setae di-1, di-2, arise from the dorsal surface at the distal end, two ventral (v1, v2) and one postero-lateral (pl); tarsus with 15 setae (six simple d1, d2, d3, v1, v2, v3; nine stout setae with rounded tips di-1 to di-9) and two-tined apotele (Fig. 22C).

Chelicera (Figs. 22A, 25C) – fixed digit 28 (27-30) long, with 3-4 teeth and pilus dentilis; movable digit 28 long, with two small teeth.

Ventral idiosoma (Figs. 21B, 25B) – Tritosternum with paired pilose laciniae 78, fused basally 25, columnar base 15-16 × 12 wide. Sternal shield smooth, 62 (59-63) long and 66 (63-67) wide, with three pairs of setae ST1 31, ST2 25 (24-25), ST3 26 (25-28) and two pairs of lyrifissures iv1, iv2. Setae ST4 23 (22-25) situated on small separate metasternal platelets, each with one pore iv3.

Genital shield smooth, 67 (66-71) wide at level of base of setae ST5 31 (29-32), para-genital poroids iv5 on soft cuticle.

Opisthosomatic venter with two pairs of elongated metapodal platelets, primary 24 (22-26) and accessory 18 (17-19) long; four pairs of setae, ZV1 16 (16-17), ZV3 8, JV4 12 (12-13), JV5 68 (67-68) long, all smooth, and five pairs of poroids.

Ventrianal shield pentagonal in shape, noticeably wider than genital shield, with reticulation in anterior part, 120 (116-123) long and 111 (106-116) wide at level of setae ZV2, with three pairs of pre-anal setae JV1 17 (16-18), ZV2 18 (16-19), JV2 24 (23-25), with small rounded pre-anal pores gv3 (distance between pores 46 (44-48)); para-anal setae 20 (19-21) and post-anal setae 20 (20-21).

Peritreme (Figs. 21A, 22F, 25A) – extends anteriorly to setae j1.

Spermatheca (Figs. 22G, 25D) – Calyx sacculus-like, 25 (23-26) long and at the opening 15 (12-16) wide; atrium C-shaped, connected without neck with calyx; major duct thick, minor duct visible in some specimens.

Legs (Figs. 23, 24) – Legs I 351 (349-353) and IV 327 (318-336) longer than legs II 270 (264-279) and III 257 (248-264). Chaetotaxy normal for phytoseiid mites: Leg I: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/2 2, genu 2 2/1 2/1 2, tibia 2 2/1 2/1 2. Leg II: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 2 3/1 2/1 1, genu 2 2/0 2/0 1, tibia 1 2/1 1/1 1. Leg III: coxa 0 0/1 0/1 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/1 1. Leg IV: coxa 0 0/1 0/0 0, trochanter 1 0/1 0/2 1, femur 1 2/1 1/0 1, genu 1 2/1 2/0 1, tibia 1 1/1 2/0 1.

Chaetotaxy of tarsi II-IV typical for Phytoseiidae and bears 18 setae 3 3/2 3/2 3 + mv, md. Tarsus I with 37 setae, excluding apical sensorial setal cluster. Setae d3 22-24 with rounded tip, d4 30. Apical sensorial setal cluster (27D) includes 10 short setae of different shape. Setae df-1(12), df-3 (7-8) and df-7 (8-9) finger-shaped with blunt tips. Setae df-2 (7), df-5 (6), df-6 (16) and df-8 (9-10) baculiform with rounded tips, setae df-8 usually curved. Setae df-4 (12-14), df-9 (9) spur-like with lobe-like tips, setae df-10 (6) situated between df-4 and df-9 also spur-like with acuminate tip. Measurements of macrosetae as follows: SgeII 31 (30-32), SgeIII 32 (31-33), StiIII 25 (24-27), SgeIV 75 (72-80), StiIV 60 (59-60), StIV 55 (52-58). All macrosetae are acuminate.

Table 4. Character measurements of adult females of Amblyseius myrtilli collected in this study compared to previously published character measurements of adult females of A. myrtilli (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

RemarksAmblyseius myrtilli is known only from Greece, on leaves of Vaccinium myrtillis (Ericaceae) and from litter under Juniperus sp. Morphological characteristics of Siberian specimens are consistent with those provided in the original description (Papadoulis et al., 2009). It is the second record of A. myrtilli in the world and the first report in Russia. The record of A. myrtilli in Russia is not accidental, since in Greece it was found in the mountains at an altitude of 1800 m. At this altitude, the climate is moderate and more or less similar to the southwestern Siberia.

Discussion

Usually, Phytoseiidae taxonomists, pay little attention to leg chaetotaxy and only report the length of macrosetae and chaetotaxy formula of genua II and III. The chaetotaxy of tarsus I is not considered, and the utility of some characters in Phytoseiidae species identifications is discussed below.

Jackson (1974) studied chaetotaxy of distal part of tarsus I, tarsus and tibia of palp in phytoseiid mites. He reviewed chaetotaxy of palp and apical sensorial setal cluster of tarsus I in detail, based on specimens of Phytoseiulus persimilis. On the distal part of tarsus I, he recognized nine group of short, peg- or spur-like setae and designated them by the prefix as df (’’dorsal field’’).

Figure 26. Apical sensorial setal cluster area and setae d3 and d4 of tarsus I, female, right leg, dorsal aspect: A – Amblyseius silvaticus Chant, 1959; B – Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan, 1991, C – Amblyseius krantzi Chant, 1959, D – Amblyseius meridionalis Berlese, 1914.

In all the Siberian Amblyseius specimens here considered, I identified on the distal part of tarsus I the group of ten modified, different in shape setae df1-df10 (Figs. 6C, 6D, 26, 27). Nine of them (df1-df9) are similar in shape and situated on the same positions as described for P. persimilis (Jackson 1974). However, I examined an additional seta in this complex, designated here as df10. This seta is similar in shape to setae df4 and df9 (spur-like), but shorter in length and always situated between them. Moreover, I discovered some differences in apical sensorial setal cluster between the Amblyseius species here considered. The most noticeable differences in the length of setae df6. For example, in A. silvaticus, A. rademacheri and A. krantzi this setae 12-13 in length vs 16-17 in other species (Figs. 26, 27). Also, the shape of setae df1 usually thickened finger-shaped in most Siberian Amblyseius species, except narrow baculiform in A. krantzi and A. rademacheri (Figs. 26C, 27A).

Figure 27. Apical sensorial setal cluster area and setae d3 and d4 of tarsus I, female, right leg, dorsal aspect. A – Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse, 1958, B – Amblyseius obtusus (Koch, 1839), C – Amblyseius omaloensis Gomelauri, 1968, D – Amblyseius myrtilli Papadoulis et al., 2009.

Relative length of setae d3 and d4 might also be useful as an additional diagnostic character. These two setae are situated posteriad df5 (Figs. 26, 27). According to relative length of setae d3 and d4, all the studied Siberian Amblyseius specimens can be divided into two groups: with relative length 1:2 (A. silvaticus, A. omaloensis, A. rademacheri, A. krantzi) and 1:1.2 (A. ampullosus, A. myrtilli, A. meridionalis) or 1:1.7 in case of A. obtusus.

All characters discussed above, are stable and were measured on several specimens of each Amblyseius species. In my opinion, tarsus I of phytoseiid mites is an important segment for identification on generic (at least Phytoseiulus and Amblyseius) and species levels and should be carefully studied in different Phytoseiidae genera. The use of sensory setae on tarsus I as diagnostic character is very limited in other groups of Mesostigmata. The best example is description of tarsal sensory cluster in some genera of Blattisocidae (Phytoseioidea) (Lindquist, Moraza 2010, 2012; Moraza, and Lindquist 2011). Leonovich (1989) provided the detailed morphological structure of setal structures in tarsal sensory complex and revealed the difference in its structure in different families of Gamasina. The correct study of all setae in tarsal sensory cluster requires high quality microscopes with DIC illumination as well as SEM microscopes; however, the most obvious diagnostic character (ratio of length of setae d3 and d4) is clearly discernable in phase contrast and even in bright field.

The chaetotaxy of palps and tarsus I are similar in the male and female for all studied species.

I studied tarsal sensory cluster only for abovementioned species of the genus Amblyseius. In the next papers on the systematics of Siberian Phytoseiidae, I am going to described tarsal sensory clusters in other specious genera, such as Transeius, Neoseiulus and Typhlodromus.

Acknowledgements

The author thanks to Drs Omid Joharchi and Alexander Khaustov (Tyumen State University) for valuable suggestions and materials of phytoseiid mites. Special thanks to Drs Veikko Huhta (University of Jyväskylä, Finland) and Axel Christian (Senckenberg National Museum, Görlitz, Germany) for the information about paratypes of Amblyseius tavasticus. I also thank to Alexey Gubin (Tyumen State University) for SEM photos. The present research was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 20-64-47015 to Dr. A. A. Khaustov.



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Date received:
2020-06-05
Date accepted:
2020-10-23
Date published:
2020-11-03

Edited by:
Kreiter, Serge

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