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Field evaluation of a novel cattle tick control strategy aiming a reduced selection for drug resistance: a case for “ host-level chemical mosaic”

Jose, Reck ; Gabriel, Fiori ; Diego, Rita Vaz ; Isabela, Rico ; Cristiano, Feltrin ; Ana, Loch ; Priscila, Ferreira ; Rovaina, Doyle and Guilherme, Klafke


2026 - Volume: 66 Issue: Suppl pages: 195

https://doi.org/10.24349/0zn5-vw7d

ICA 2026 - XVII International Congress of Acarology, 20-24 July 2026, Montpellier

Keywords

Acaricide resistance Rhipicephalus Chemical control Bioassay tick

Abstract

Widespread multiple acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus has challenged conventional strategic tick- control schemes that prioritize short-term efficacy while largely overlooking how treatment structure affects resistance selection. Here, we propose and validate a novel management approach, the “host-level chemical mosaic” (HLCM), which combines two initial uniform treatments with subsequent alternation of drugs between subgroups of animals within the same paddock. The first and second applications are given to the entire herd using different compounds. From the third treatment onward, half of the animals receive one active ingredient and the other half a compound from a different class; at the next application, the compounds are switched between the subsets. HLCM is designed to maintain effective control while reducing selection for resistance to acaricides. A trial was conducted in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, using 80 Angus cattle allocated to four groups: untreated control, two conventional strategic protocols (C1 and C2), and the HLCM group. All treated groups followed a strategic control framework triggered at the onset of the spring rise in tick infestation. C1 received two consecutive ivermectin (IVM) treatments followed by two consecutive fluazuron (FLUAZ) applications; C2 received one IVM, one FLUAZ and a mixture of organophosphate + pyrethroid (OP+P) twice; while the HLCM group received one IVM and one FLUAZ applications for the whole herd, followed by two treatments in which half the animals received IVM and the other half FLUAZ, with products switched between subsets at the last application. Tick counts and efficacy were monitored for 210 days. IVM susceptibility was chosen as a model to monitor selection pressure for acaricide resistance. It was assessed before and at the end of the season using the Larval Immersion Test. The efficacy of the treatments ranged between 80-96% for group C1, 58-97% for group C2, and 75-97% in group HLCM. Baseline bioassays (before the trial) indicated a predominantly susceptible local population with a low-frequency resistant fraction. By the end of the study, ivermectin susceptibility in the untreated, C2 and HLCM groups remained similar to baseline (RR90 < 4), whereas C1 showed a marked shift (RR90 ˜ 18), indicating intensified resistance selection. These findings suggest that the number, timing and the intra-herd distribution of treatments within the herd can substantially influence resistance trajectories without compromising field efficacy. Under the conditions tested, the HLCM maintained effective tick control while limiting the increase in ivermectin resistance.

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Article editorial history
Date published:
2026-07-20

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2026 Jose, Reck; Gabriel, Fiori; Diego, Rita Vaz; Isabela, Rico; Cristiano, Feltrin; Ana, Loch; Priscila, Ferreira; Rovaina, Doyle and Guilherme, Klafke
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