The genus Circocylliba and the type species, C. camerata Sellnick, are redescribed and a lectotype designated. Seven new species are described from Central and South America: brachychaeta, crinita, ecitonis, ecuadorensis, minitta, oligochaeta, and weberi, and a key to species is included. All species are phoretic on army ants of the genus Eciton, subfamily Ecitoninae. The immature stages are unknown.