A revised diagnosis of the genus Proctotydaeus Berlese, together with remarks about sexual dimorphism and systematic position of the genus within the subfamily Pronematinae are presented. Descriptions are given for the subgenera Proctotydaeus, Neotydeolus, Oriolella and Proctotydulus subgen. nov., as well as for two new species, Proctotydaeus (Oriolella) polonicus sp, n. and Proctotydaeus (Oriolella) lindquisti sp. n. Phylogenetic relationships between the subgenera are considered. A key to the species of Proctotydaeus and a list of air species of Pronematinae are added.