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The missing stase in spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae): when the adult is not the imago

Andre, H.M. and Van Impe, G.


2012 - Volume: 52 Issue: 1 pages: 3-16

https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20122038

Keywords

Tetranychus urticae ontogeny ontogenetic trajectory paedogenesis stase state instar respiration

Abstract

Apart from a calyptostatic prelarva, the ontogeny of spider mites is limited to one six-legged immature followed by three eight-legged instars. The usage consists in naming them: larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. In this study, the "missing stase" and different associated hypotheses are explored using diverse approaches: light microscopy, electronic microscopy, comparative chaetotaxy, ontogenetic trajectories, and interspecific comparisons. It turns out that the imago (new name for the last stase) is missing in Tetranychus urticae and that its post-embryonic development may be summarized as follows: prelarva (calyptostase), larva (six-legged stase), protonymph (eight-legged stase), deutonymph (eight-legged stase), tritonymph (with paedogenesis, i.e. precocious development of sexual maturity). The respiratory role of the prelarva is emphasized. The current terminology of post-embryonic development is confusing as it pertains to three approaches: the state or form description, the instar standard and the stase paradigm.

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Article editorial history
Date received:
2011-08-10
Date accepted:
2012-02-10
Date published:
2012-03-30

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2012 Andre, H.M. and Van Impe, G.
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