Two new records of the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for Turkey with a revised key to the World species

Two species of the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt, K. keae (Papadoulis and Emmanouel) and K. ragusai Swirski and Amitai are reported for the first time in Turkey. The new records are re-described and illustrated. The male of K. ragusai is described for the first time. The species status of K. keae and K. ragusai as valid species within the genus Kampimodromus is discussed. A revised key to all known species of Kampimodromus is provided.


INTRODUCTION
There are 15 nominal species in the genus Kampimodromus Nesbitt, 1951 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) belonging to the sub-family Amblyseiinae (Acari: Mesostigmata). They are characterized by having dorsal setal pattern 10A:8C with 18 pairs of dorsal setae (S4 absent) including sub-laterals r3 and R1 (Chant and McMurtry, 2003). All Kampimodromus species were described from the Western Palearctic region except for K. alettae (Ueckermann and Loots) and K. molle (Ueckermann and Loots) which are known from South Africa (Ueckermann and Loots, 1985). Chant and McMurtry, (2003) postulated that the genus Kampimodromus evolved in the Mediterranean region and spread to other parts of the world from there. Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans, 1930) is the most widely distributed species recorded from almost all over Western Palearctic countries and the USA (Demite et al., 2016). However, it is doubtful if all recorded specimens are really K. aberrans.
In this study, K. keae (Papadoulis and Emmanouel, 1991) and K. ragusai Swirski and Amitai, (1997) are re-discovered for the first time after their original descriptions (Papadoulis and Emmanouel 1991;Swirski and Amitai 1997). The unknown male of K. ragusai is described and illustrated for the first time. In addition, an identification key for all known species of the genus Kampimodromus is given.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Leaf samples were wrapped in paper towel and placed in plastic bags and the latter in an icebox. The samples were examined under stereobinoculer and phytoseiid mites mounted in Hoyer's medium on microscope slides. An Olympus ® U-DA drawing tube, was used for the illustrations. The taxonomic system is based on that proposed by Chant and McMurtry, (2007). The setal nomenclature used follow Lindquist and Evans, (1965) as adapted by Rowell et al., (1978). For the organotaxy, Athias-Henriot, (1975; was followed; for the ventral pores and leg chaetotaxy Evans, (1963) and Evans and Till, (1979);and Wainstein, (1973) for the spermatheca. The dorsal and ventral setal pattern notations follow Chant and Yoshida-Shaul, (1989;1991;1992). All measurements are given in micrometers (µm) and presented as the mean followed by the range in parenthesis.
Remarks -Kampimodromus keae is a new record for Turkish fauna. Turkish specimen well fit original description and re-descriptions of K. keae (Papadoulis and Emmanouel, 1991;Ragusa Di Chiara and Tsolakis, 1994;Papadoulis et al., 2009). However, the length of setae Z5 and r3 in the type material are, 34 and 36 oppose to 40 and 30 in Turkish specimen, respectively. According to Tixier et al., (2003), K. keae is suspected to be junior synonym of K. aberrans as they only differ, in the presence and absence of a tooth on movable digit (MD) of the chelicera, respectively (Tixier et al., 2003;Chant and McMurtry, 2003). Kampimodromus ragusai and K. keae are also grouped together in an identification key provided by Tixier et al., (2008). However, it should be noted that K. keae has shorter peritremes compared to both K. aberrans and K. ragusai (Papadoulis and Emmanouel, 1991;Ragusa Di Chiara and Tsolakis, 1994). According to our three years collection, K. ragusai was never found together with neither K. keae nor any other phytoseiid species (see collection details of K. ragusai). But, K. keae was found together with a large population of Typhloseiulus peculiaris (Kolodochka, 1980) on Quercus sp. As the peritreme length did not vary in the examined specimens of K. ragusai, we consider them as two distinct species. But, nothing is known whether peritreme length is a reliable character for separation of species in the genus Kampimodromus. Therefore, it should be validated by molecular studies.
Remarks -Kampimodromus ragusai is a new record for Turkish fauna. The male K. ragusai is described for the first time in this study. Based on female, Turkish specimens well fit original description of K. ragusai given by Swirski and Amitai, (1997). However, the length of setae Z4, Z5 and S5 in the type material are 30, 38 and 13 oppose to 41, 49 and 21 in Turkish specimens, respectively. As in K. keae the only difference between K. ragusai and K. aberrans is also the presence and absence of a tooth on MD of the chelicera, respectively, therefore former was suspected to be junior synonym of the latter (Tixier et al., 2003;Chant and McMurtry, 2003). However, as suggested by Tixier et al., (2008), MD dentition is a reliable character for discrimination between Kampimodromus species that have similar numbers of solenostomes on the dorsal shield. In addition, all 84 females of the Turkish specimens of K. ragusai have one tooth on MD. These two species further differ in that the fixed digit (FD) of the male of K. aberrans bears two apical teeth (Ragusa Di Chiara and Tsolakis, 1994;Arutunjan, 1977) while that of the male of K. ragusai bears three teeth (two apically and the other behind the pilus dentilis). Therefore, we consider the presence of a tooth on MD of the female and presence of an additional tooth behind pilus dentilis on FD of the male K. ragusai as reliable characters to separate it from K. aberrans. Swirski and Amitai, (1997) reported that Genu II and IV each have eight setae, rarely seven setae. All the female Turkish specimens have eight setae on genu II and IV.

NOTES ON IDENTIFICATION KEY
Ragusa Di Chiara and Tsolakis, (1994) provided first identification key for the genus Kampimodromus with eight species that were known at that time. Tixier et al. (2008) provided second key after confirming that movable digit dentition is a useful character. In addition to the number of solenostomes and movable digit dentition, the peritreme length should also be used for species diagnosis, as discussed earlier. Kampimodromus elongatus (Oudemans, 1930) was synonymized with K. aberrans by Chant, (1955) andTsolakis, (1994). As suggested by Chant and Mc-Murtry (2003), we treated K. elongatus as a valid species due to the presence of sublateral setae R1 on dorsal shield. Kampimodromus adrianae Peña-Estévez 2003, andK. vitis (Oudemans, 1930) are also considered junior synonyms of K. hmiminai McMurtry Bounfour and K. aberrans, respectively (Chant, 1955;Tixier et al. 2006).