A new record and descriptions of males of two Stigmaeus species from Turkey (Acari: Stigmaeidae)

Stigmaeus pulchellus Kuznetzov, 1978, reported for the first time from Turkey, is described and illustrated based on females. In addition to the male and nymphal stages of this species, the male of Stigmaeus kumalariensis Akyol and Koc, 2007 is also described and illustrated in this article for the first time. The males and females presented differences in chaetotaxy, notably the absence of seta h3 in the male of S. pulchellus.


INTRODUCTION
Stigmaeidae is a family within the superfamily Raphignathoidea. These mites live in or on soil, grass, leaf, mulch, lichen, bark, beetle frass, crevices in rock and leaf cavities, and a few of them are parasitic on phlebotomine flies (Meyer 1969;Ueckermann and Meyer 1987;Dogan and Ayyıldız 2003a, b;Koç 2007, 2010;Noei et al. 2007;Dönel and Dogan 2011;Uluçay and Koç 2014). Currently this family consists of more than 500 species in 32 valid genera (Dogan et al. 2011;Bagheri et al. 2012;Nazari et al. 2012 (Dogan 2007;Dönel and Dogan 2011;Yeşilayer and Çobanoglu 2013). The genus Stigmaeus has a worldwide distribution with more than 100 described species and so far 27 species have been reported from Turkey (Dogan 2007;Akyol and Koç 2007;Dönel and Dogan 2011;Özçelik and Dogan 2011;Dogan et al. 2015;Uluçay 2015). In this article, the male, deutonymph and protonymph of Stigmaeus pulchellus Kuznetzov, 1978 and the male of S. kumalariensis are described and illustrated for the first time. Stigmaeus pulchellus Kuznetzov, 1978 reported for the first time from Turkey.
The Turkish specimens resembles the type specimens and Iran specimens in most respects but differ in the length of body (including gnathosoma) 505 -552. It is seen that the Turkish specimens are bigger: the length of body is 350 -388 in the type specimen. The length of dorsal setae is similar to that of type specimen and longer than those of Iranian specimen. Apart from these, the other measurements and the features of our specimens resemble those of the type specimen in all respects (Kuznetsov 1978;Zarei and Bagheri 2012). Males of this species exhibit the same features of the female descriptions, except that the male tarsi I-IV are with two solenidia instead of one solenidion in female; the length of body and dorsal setae are shorter than those of the female; no setae h 3 on the suranal shield; trochanteral chaetotaxy of the male 1, 1, 2, 0 and that of the female 1, 1, 2, 1; genual chaetotaxy of the male 5(κ), 3, 0, 0 and that of the female 6(κ), 5, 2, 2; the female bears 4 aggenial setae and the male bears 3 aggenital setae.
Quercus sp. Verbascum sp. and Populus sp, in Afyonkarahisar and based on a female (Akyol and Koç 2007). Male specimens were described from litter and soil under Pinus sp. Males of this species exhibit the same features of the female descriptions, except that the male tarsi I-IV are with two solenidia instead of one solenidion in female; length of body and dorsal setae shorter than those of the female and intercalary shield fused (separate in the female). The male of S. luteus (syn. S. elongatus according to Wood 1973), S. arboricola, S. brevisetis, S. candidus are described and the differences between the males and females of them are given.

DISCUSSION
The female of S. luteus bears 3 setae on the suranal shield, and the male has merely 2 (Summers, 1962, p 516). S. arboricola female bears h 3 , whereas the male does not; trochanteral and genual cheatotaxy are the same in the female and the male; the female has 4 aggenital setae and the male has 3 aggenital setae (Fan and Zhang 2005, p 92).
The male of S. candidus has been additionally described: the length of seta h 3 on the female is given, but that of the male isn't stated; trochanteral chaetotaxy of the male 1, 1, 2, 0 and that of the female 1, 1, 2, 1; genual chaetotaxy of the male 6, 2, 0, 0 and that of the female 6, 2, 0, 1. (Fan and Li, 1993, p 323).
Males of genus Stigmaeus differ from females in that they have aedeagus, two solenidia (ω) on tarsi I-IV, the body smaller; setae ps 1,2 reduced and peglike, dorsal setae shorter, genital and anal openings fused and genital setae absent. The leg chaetotaxy and the number of aggenital setae can be identical or different in the female and male. These characters can be used for identification of the male of Stigmaeus.
The males of S. brevisetis, S. candidus and S. pulchellus are with fewer setae on the segments of the legs than the females. The male of S. kumalariensis leg chaetotaxy and the number of aggenital setae are the same with those of the adult female.
The nymphal stages of Stigmaeus differ from the females mainly in a reduction of leg setae. The deutonymph differs in the absence of genital folds and trochanter IV nude (Fan and Zhang 2005). The prontonymph lacks seta 4a, one subcapitular seta and has fewer setae in aggenital area (Fan and Zhang 2005).