Share this article    

       

       

Phytoseiid mites of Slovenia (Acari: Mesostigmata): new records and first description of the male of Amblyseius microorientalis

Kreiter, Serge1 ; Amiri, Karima2 ; Douin, Martial3 ; Bohinc, Tanja4 ; Trdan, Stanislav5 and Tixier, Marie-Stéphane6

1✉ Montpellier SupAgro, UMR CBGP INRAE/ IRD/ CIRAD/ SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis (Baillarguet), CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
2Montpellier SupAgro, UMR CBGP INRAE/ IRD/ CIRAD/ SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis (Baillarguet), CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
3Montpellier SupAgro, UMR CBGP INRAE/ IRD/ CIRAD/ SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis (Baillarguet), CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
4University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Phytomedicine, Agricultural Engineering, Crop Production, Pasture and Grassland Management, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
5University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Department of Agronomy, Chair for Phytomedicine, Agricultural Engineering, Crop Production, Pasture and Grassland Management, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
6Montpellier SupAgro, UMR CBGP INRAE/ IRD/ CIRAD/ SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis (Baillarguet), CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.

2020 - Volume: 60 Issue: 2 pages: 203-242

https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204364
ZooBank LSID: FA20102C-186C-4F32-90CA-EFDD21E8DAE2

Original research

Keywords

survey collection taxonomy systematics

Abstract

Slovenia is a small country of Central Europe. Until recently, only limited surveys had been carried out of the Phytoseiidae fauna. The occurrence of 14 species had been documented in two international papers: 6 belonging to the subfamily Amblyseiinae, 1 to the subfamily Phytoseiinae and 7 to the subfamily Typhlodrominae. Four additional species (3 Amblyseiinae and 1 Phytoseiinae) were recorded and published recently but in a national journal and not mentioned in the world online database of Phytoseiidae. Here, we present results from 2018 and 2019 field surveys and add a total of 22 new records (18 if we consider national published records): 14 Amblyseiinae, 3 Phytoseiinae and 5 Typhlodrominae. The Phytoseiidae fauna of Slovenia contains after our study 36 species: 20 Amblyseiinae, 4 Phytoseiinae and 12 Typhlodrominae. Among the 22 new record species, at least 8 species are well-known biological control agents (BCA). In addition to the intrinsic value of phytoseiid mite biodiversity in temperate environments, demonstration of the natural occurrence of efficient BCAs is of great agricultural, commercial and strategic interests.


Introduction

Phytoseiidae is an important family of predatory mites as several species in this family are important natural enemies controlling phytophagous mite and small insects in natural area, open field and protected crops all around the world (McMurtry and Croft 1997; McMurtry et al. 2013). However despite the huge numbers of faunistic surveys carried out for more than 70 years, the fauna of some countries and particular ecosystems remain little explored (Tixier et al. 2008). Consequently, it is important to make surveys in these poorly investigated areas to get more information on the biodiversity and to find there already known biological control agents (BCA) but also potential new BCA, especially in the context of new international and state regulations limiting import-export on natural enemies (Kreiter et al. 2020a, b). This family is widespread all over the world and consists presently of 2,521 valid species dispatched in three sub-families and 94 genera (Demite et al. 2014, 2020).

Slovenia is a small country of the Eastern Europe (29,273 km²), the 150th on 194 countries with continental, temperate and Mediterranean areas.

The Slovenian phytoseiid mites fauna is presently officially composed of only 14 species (Demite et al. 2020) (6 belonging to the sub-family Amblyseiinae, 1 to the Phytoseiinae and 7 to the sub-family Typhlodrominae), namely: Amblyseius andersoni (Chant), A. rademacheri Dosse, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans), N. reductus (Wainstein), Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans), Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), Phytoseius macropilis (Banks), Neoseiulella tiliarum (Evans), Paraseiulus soleiger (Ribaga), P. talbii (Athias-Henriot), P. triporus (Chant and Yoshida-Shaul), Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bakeri (Garman), T. ( A.) rhenanus (Oudemans), and T. (Typhlodromus) pyri Scheuten. In this world database, only one international paper (Bohinc and Trdan 2013) is actually indicated reporting species in Slovenia.

But more than these 14 species can be considered present in Slovenia. Actually, four additional species (three Amblyseiinae and one Phytoseiinae) were recorded and published recently but in a national journal (Bohinc et al. 2018) and not mentioned in the world database of Phytoseiidae (Demite et al. 2020). These four additional species are: Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot), E. gallicus Kreiter and Tixier, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), and Phytoseius horridus Ribaga.

We report in this paper, which constitutes the second international contribution to the Slovenian Fauna, results of additional surveys realised in a two years project Proteus (2018 and 2019).

Material and methods

The survey took place in Slovenia in June 2018 and June 2019.

Plant inhabiting mites were collected from cultivated and wild plants in several locations in all parts of the country. Mites were directly collected on leaves with a fine brush or by using the leaf ''dipping-shaking-washing-filtering (dswf)'' method of Boller (1984) or by beating the plants (mainly shrubs or trees) and collecting the mites in a black plastic rectangular saucer 45 x 30 cm (Ref. STR 45, BHR, 71370 Saint-Germain-du-Plain, France). The method selected was depending on the plant investigated: large leaves of shrubs and trees with the direct collection method or with dswf, very small leaves or spines of shrubs and trees with the dswf or by beating and herbaceous plants with dswf.

Mites collected were transferred with a brush into small plastic vials containing 1.5 ml of 70° ethanol. Mites were then all mounted on slides using Hoyer's medium and all identified using a phase and interferential contrast microscope (DMLB, Leica Microsystèmes SAS, Nanterre, France). Characters of specimens were measured using a graduate eyepiece (Leica, see above).

We have used Chant and McMurtry's (1994, 2007) concepts of the taxonomy of the family Phytoseiidae the world catalogue database of Demite et al. (2014, 2020) for distribution. For identifications, the specimens were compared to the original description and re-description. In the description and re-description herein proposed, the setal nomenclature system adopted was that of Lindquist & Evans (1965) and Lindquist (1994), as adapted by Rowell et al. (1978) for the dorsum and by Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1991) for the venter. The idiosomal setal pattern follows Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1992). The notation for solenostomes and poroids is based on Athias-Henriot (1975). Numbers of teeth on the fixed and movable cheliceral digits do not include the respective apical teeth. Setae not referred to in the Results section should be considered as absent. All measurements are given in micrometers (µm) and presented as the mean in bold followed by the range in parenthesis.

Specimens of each species are deposited in the mite collections of Montpellier SupAgro conserved in UMR CBGP INRA/IRD/CIRAD/SupAgro Université de Montpellier.

Specimens collected in fields in Slovenia within these surveys were all identified. Very few single males or immatures collected alone were not taken into account.

The following abbreviations are used in this paper for morphological characters: dsl = dorsal shield length just under j1 to just below J5; dsw s4 = dorsal shield width at the level of s4; Z4 ser., Z5 ser. = Z4, Z5 serrated (if Z4 and Z5 without ser. = not serrated); gensl = genital shield length; gensw post. cor. = genital shield width posteriorly; lisl = Largest inguinal sigilla (= ''metapodal plate'') length; lisw = Largest inguinal sigilla (= ''metapodal plate'') width; sisl = smallest inguinal sigilla (= ''metapodal plate'') length; sisw = smallest inguinal sigilla (= ''metapodal plate'') width; vsl = ventrianal shield length; Dist. gv3 = distance between solenostomes gv3 on the ventrianal shield; vsw ZV2 & vsw anus = ventrianal shield width at ZV2 level and at paranal setae level; scl.: calyx length; scw = calyx widest width; Fdl = fixed digit length; Mdl = movable digit length; Nb teeth Fd = number of teeth on the fixed digit; Nb teeth Md = number of teeth on the movable digit; Shaft = length of the shaft of spermatodactyl; toe = length of the toe; BCA = Biological control agents; aasl = altitude above sea level.

The following abbreviations are used in this paper for institutions: CBGP = Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations; CIRAD = Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement; INRAE = Institut National de la Recherche en Agronomie et Environnement; IRD = Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; MSA = Montpellier SupAgro, France; UMR = Unité Mixte de Recherche.

Results and discussion

Subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma

Amblyseiinae Muma, 1961: 273.

Tribe Neoseiulini Chant & McMurtry

Neoseiulini Chant & McMurtry, 2003a: 6.

Genus Neoseiulus Hughes

Neoseiulus Hughes, 1948: 141.

Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes

Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes 1948: 142; Chant & McMurtry 2003a: 35; Moraes et al. 1986:70; Moraes et al. 2004: 104; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 25; Beaulieu & Beard 2018: 471.

Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) barkeri, Nesbitt 1951: 31.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) barkeri, Chant 1959: 61.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) barkeri, Hughes 1961: 222.

Typhlodromus barkeri, Hirschmann 1962: 144.

Amblyseius barkeri, Athias-Henriot 1961: 440.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) barkeri, van der Merwe 1968: 112.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) barkeri, Karg 1993: 188.

Amblyseius masiaca Blommers & Chazeau 1974: 308 (synonymy according to Ueckermann & Loots 1988).

Amblyseius mckenziei Schuster & Pritchard 1963: 268 (synonymy according to Ragusa & Athias-Henriot 1983).

Amblyseius mycophilus Karg 1970: 290 (synonymy according to Ragusa & Athias-Henriot 1983).

Amblyseius oahuensis Prasad 1968: 1518 (synonymy according to Ragusa & Athias-Henriot 1983).

Amblyseius picketti Specht 1968: 681 (synonymy according to Ragusa & Athias-Henriot 1983).

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) pieteri Schultz 1972: 17 (synonymy according to Ueckermann & Loots 1988).

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) usitatus van der Merwe 1965: 71 (synonymy according to Ueckermann & Loots 1988).

This species belongs to the barkeri species group of the genus Neoseiulus, as the spermathecal atrium is large and forked at junction with the major duct. It belongs to the barkeri species subgroup as the calyx is not markedly constricted at junction with the atrium, the atrium is deeply forked at the junction with the major duct without vacuolated area, and the major duct, atrium and calyx are of approximately the same width (Chant and McMurtry 2003a).

Neoseiulus barkeri has a worldwide distribution (see below and Moraes et al. 2004a; Demite et al. 2020). It is a well-known predator of T. urticae and also of thrips, and is released in greenhouses (strawberry, cucumber, eggplant) to control them. Various studies have shown its ability to control Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Rodriguez-Reina et al. 1992), Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Broodsgaard and Hansen 1992) and T. urticae in cucumber (Fan and Petitt 1994b). Fan and Petitt (1994a) showed that augmentative releases of N. barkeri provided control of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) on peppers. N. barkeri constitutes a potential BCA in several crops especially vegetable greenhouses.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hawaii, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, La Réunion Island, Latvia, Madagascar Island, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Tahiti Island, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA, West Bank, Yemen.

Specimens examined: A single ♀ during the two-year survey. Bukovica (altitude above sea level = aasl 49 m, lat. 45°54'06''N, long. 13°39'30''E), 1 ♀ on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), 20/VI/2018.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain and by Kreiter et al. (2020) for specimens from La Réunion and various regions of the world.

Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor)

Typhlodromus californicus McGregor 1954: 89.

Amblyseius californicus, Schuster & Pritchard 1963: 271.

Cydnodromus californicus, Athias-Henriot 1977: 64.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) californicus, Ueckermann & Loots 1988: 150; Ehara et al. 1994: 126.

Neoseiulus californicus, Moraes et al. 1986: 73; Chant & McMurtry 2003a: 21; Moraes et al. 2004a: 109; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 25; Guanilo et al. 2008a: 27, 2008b: 19; sensu Athias-Henriot 1977, Beaulieu & Beard, 2018: 469.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) californicus, Ehara & Amano 1998: 33.

Typhlodromus chilenensis Dosse 1958: 55 (synonymy according to Athias-Henriot 1977).

Typhlodromus mungeri McGregor 1954: 92 (synonymy according to Athias-Henriot 1959).

Amblyseius wearnei Schicha 1987: 103 (synonymy according to Tixier et al. 2014).

Neoseiulus californicus belongs to the cucumeris species group of Neoseiulus as the dorsocentral setae are not short relatively to dorsolateral setae. It belongs to the cucumeris species subgroup as spermatheca does not have a stalk between calyx and atrium, the atrium being undifferentiated or nodular and joined directly to calyx (Chant and McMurtry 2003a).

This species is distributed worldwide (see below and Moraes et al. 2004; Demite et al. 2020) and has been introduced in several countries for biological control issues. It is commercialised and released in various crops to control mite pests, especially T. urticae and P. ulmi. It is also naturally found on uncultivated plants or crops such as apple. Many studies deal with its biology. It is a specialized predator, Type 2. Nevertheless, it has characteristics of both specialist and generalist predatory mites (Castagnoli and Simoni 2003). It prefers to feed on spider mites (Gomez-Moya et al. 2009), but can also consume other mite species like tarsonemid mites [Phytonemus pallidus (Banks)] (Easterbrook et al. 2001), small insects such as thrips (Rodriguez-Reina et al. 1992) and even pollen when prey is unavailable (Rhodes and Liburd 2006). It can migrate from grasses to fruit trees or grapevines and vice versa (Auger et al. 1999). It is a specialist predator of T. urticae on annual plants and woody species, and of P. ulmi and various Tetranychus spp. (and perhaps eriophyid mites) on trees and less frequently on grapevines (Auger et al. 1999). N. californicus is well known as a BCA sold in many countries around the world for the management of spider mites in greenhouses but also in outdoor crops such as fruit crops in Europe.

This species was already recorded and mentioned in a Slovenian papers, like Bohinc and Trdan (2015) and Bohinc et al. (2018) but it is the first mention of that species in an international paper for Slovenia.

World distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Azores, Brazil, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, France, Greece, Guadeloupe Island, Guatemala, Italy, Japan, La Réunion Island, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Portugal, Senegal, Serbia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.

Specimens examined: 27 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂ and 7 immatures in total. Bukovica (aasl 49 m, lat. 45°54'06''N, long. 13°39'30''E), 22 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂ and 7 immatures on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), 20/VI/2018; Izola-Pivol (aasl 30 m, lat. 45°32'27''N, long. 13°40'51''E), 1 ♀ on Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae), 21/VI/2018; Sečovlje (aasl 2 m, lat. 45°28'33''N, long. 13°37'06''E), 2 ♀♀ on C. sativus, 20/VI/2018; Spodnje Škofije-Purissima (aasl 50 m, lat. 45°34'21''N, long. 13°46'31''E), 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 11/VII/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Tixier et al. (2008) for specimens of the world, by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain and by Kreiter et al. (2020) for specimens from La Réunion and various regions in the world.

Neoseiulus umbraticus (Chant)

Typhlodromus umbraticus Chant 1956: 26.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) umbraticus, Beglyarov 1958: 107.

Amblyseius umbraticus, Athias-Henriot 1959: 138.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) umbraticus, Chant 1959: 75.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromopsis) umbraticus, Muma 1961: 287.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) umbraticus, Wainstein & Vartapetov 1973: 103.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) umbraticus, Karg 1991: 23.

Neoseiulus umbraticus, Moraes et al. 1986: 99; 2004: 149; Chant & McMurtry 2003a: 23; 2007: 31.

Just like the previous species and for same reasons, this species belongs to the cucumeris species group of the genus Neoseiulus and to the cucumeris species subgroup (Chant and McMurtry 2003a).

Very few studies exist on its biology. Knisley and Swift (1971) and Kazak et al. (2002) showed its ability to develop feeding on T. urticae. Sengonca & Dresher (2001) studied the ability of this species to develop feeding on Thrips tabaci Lindeman and concluded that this food alters its biological parameters in comparison to T. urticae. N. umbraticus seems able to develop and reproduce also on Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Calvolia lordi (Nesbitt), Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), adults of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), and on apple and cherry pollens. Adults of Agistemus fleschneri Summers and winter eggs of P. ulmi were not fed upon.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Azores, Belarus, Caucasus Region, Denmark, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Mexico, Moldovia, Montenegro, Morocco, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 14 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂ and 4 immatures in total. Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, 45°58'15''N, 14°34'17''E), 1 ♀ on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019; Kranj (aasl 434 m, 46°16'6''N, 14°20'26''E), 12 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂ and 4 immatures on Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 21/VI/2019; Ljubljana, Hotel Katrca (aasl 307 m, 46°3'19''N, 14°20'26''E), 1 ♀ on Tilia platyphyllos Scopoli (Malvaceae), 22/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Chant et al. (1982) and by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Tribe Kampimodromini Kolodochka

Kampimodromini Kolodochka, 1998: 59; Chant & McMurtry, 2003b: 189; 2006b: 137; 2007: 33.

Subtribe Kampimodromina Chant & McMurtry

Kampimodromina Kolodochka, Chant & McMurtry 2003b: 193.

Genus Kampimodromus Nesbit

Kampimodromus Nesbitt, 1951: 53.

Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans)

Typhlodromus aberrans Oudemans 1930a: 48-49.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) aberrans, Beglyarov 1957: 373.

Amblyseius aberrans, Athias-Henriot 1958b: 36.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) aberrans, Chant 1959: 101.

Paradromus aberrans, Muma 1961: 286.

Amblyseius (Kampimodromus) aberrans, Pritchard & Baker 1962: 294; Wainstein 1962: 14; Ehara 1966: 25.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) aberrans, Tseng 1976: 108.

Kampimodromus aberrans, Muma & Denmark 1968: 234; Chant & McMurtry 2003b: 196: Moraes et al. 2004: 93; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 37.

Kampimodromus (Kampimodromus) aberrans, Karg 1983: 305.

Typhlodromus vitis Oudemans 1930c: 99 (synonymy according to Chant 1955).

Kampimodromus aberrans is a very common species in orchards, vineyards and wild plants in Europe and in North-Africa where it might be closely associated with several species of spider and eriophyid mites (Duso 1992; Schausberger 1997; Tixier et al. 1998, 2000a, b; Kreiter et al. 2000; Tsolakis and Ragusa 2017).

This species has been mentioned previously from Slovenia (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013; Bohinc et al. 2018). With 324 specimens in total in 13 locations, it is one of the most commonly species found in this survey.

World distribution: Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus Region, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 227 ♀♀, 48 ♂♂ and 49 immatures in total. Bukovica (aasl 49 m, lat. 45°54'06''N, long. 13°39'30''E), 2 ♀♀ on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), 20/VI/2018; Nova Gorica, Restaurant Pri hrastu (aasl 96 m, lat. 45°57'26''N, long. 13°38'50''E), 15 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Morus alba L. (Moraceae), 20/VI/2018; Izola-Pivol (aasl 30 m, lat. 45°32'27''N, long. 13°40'51''E), 1 ♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♂ on Juglans regia L. (Juglandacae), 21/VI/2018; Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°28'44''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 23 ♀♀ and 4 ♂♂ on P. cerasus and 47 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae), 25 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂ and 5 immatures on F. carica and 47 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂ and 12 immatures on Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae), 21/VI/2018; Dragonja (aasl 1 m, lat. 45°27'12''N, long. 13°39'43''E), 30 ♀♀, 15 ♂♂ and 3 immatures on F. carica, 21/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Hotel Azur (aasl 296 m, 46°02'42''N, 14°28'25''E), 5 ♀♀ on Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), 22/VI/2018; Lucija (aasl 22 m, lat. 45°30'30''N, long. 13°36'11''E), 2 ♀♀ on F. carica, 11/VII/2018; Sečovlje, Parecag 15 (aasl 10 m, lat. 45 28'50'`N, long. 13 37'49'`E), 7 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂ and 7 immatures on F. carica, 19/VI/2019; Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on J. regia, 11 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 15 immatures and 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae), 19/VI/2019; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'32''N, long. 13°39'04''E), 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on Malus domestica Miller and 4 ♀♀ on Prunus pumila L. (Rosaceae), and 3 ♀♀ and 2 immatures on D. kaki, 19/VI/2019; Bertoki (aasl 28 m, lat. 45°32'55''N, long. 13°47'13''E), 2 ♀♀ and 1 immature on Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson (Actinidiaceae), 19/VI/2019; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, 46°23'48''N, 13°40'11''E), 1 ♀ on Quercus rubra L. (Fagaceae), 20/VI/2019; Spodnje Škofije-Purissima (aasl 50 m, lat. 45°34'21''N, long. 13°46'31''E), 4 ♀♀, on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 11/VII/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Tixier et al. (2003) for specimens from France and with Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka

Kampimodromus corylosus Kolodochka 2003b: 51; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 37.

This species is often collected on hazelnut and seems a good predator of tetranychid and eriophyid mites occurring on this plant. But despite these very general observations, the biology of that species is almost totally unknown.

This is the first mention report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Croatia, Hungary, Moldova, Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 16 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 7 immatures in total. Kočevska Reka, Lake (aasl 567 m, 45°34'33''N, 14°47'25''E), 1 ♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Tilia platyphyllos Scopoli (Malvaceae), 18/VI/2019; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, 46°23'48''N, 13°40'11''E), 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 1 immature on Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae), 20/VI/2019; Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, 46°28'43''N, 15°58'2''E), 8 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 3 immatures on Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Prunus persica and 1 ♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019; Šobec (aasl 418 m, 46°21'22''N, 14°9'2''E), 1 ♀ on C. avellana and 1 ♀ on Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Kolodochka (2003) in the original description and by (Tixier et al. 2008).

Tribe Phytoseiulini Chant & McMurtry

Phytoseiulini Chant & McMurtry, 2006a: 7.

Genus Phytoseiulus Evans

Phytoseiulus Evans, 1952: 397.

Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot

Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot 1957: 347; Moraes et al. 1986: 109; Moraes et al. 2004a: 169; Chant & McMurtry 2006a: 20; 2007: 55.

Typhlodromus persimilis, Hirschmann 1962: 75.

Phytoseiulus (Phytoseiulus) persimilis, Wainstein 1962: 17.

Phytoseiulus riegeli Dosse 1958: 48-55 (synonymy according to Chant 1959).

Amblyseius tardi Lombardini 1959: 166 (synonymy according to Kennett & Caltagirone 1968).

Phytoseiulus persimilis is probably one of the best-known phytoseiid species in the world, because of its use to control T. urticae in greenhouses all over the world. It is a Mediterranean / subtropical predatory mite, a type I species, i.e. a specialist predator of the urticae species group of the genus Tetranychus (McMurtry and Croft 1997; McMurtry et al. 2013). Considerable research has been conducted on this predator-prey interactions (see review by Kostiainen and Hoy 1996), and numerous biological control programs have used P. persimilis against T. urticae on a wide range of ornamental and vegetable crops. P. persimilis was the first greenhouse biological control agents available commercially and it is one of the most successful BCA in the world. It can also be used in temperate climates on open-field crops such as strawberries. Optimum conditions are 20-27 °C and relative humidity of 60-90 %. Cooler or warmer temperatures may have a negative effect on reproduction, development and efficiency of this predatory mite (Escudero and Ferragut 2005). This species is present in Slovenia probably because of its commercial introduction and uses in vegetable and ornamental greenhouses, dispersion of some specimens released and establishment in the environment.

This is the first report of that species from the Slovenian fauna.

World distribution: Algeria, Australia, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, Finland, France, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, La Réunion Island, Latvia, Lebanon, Lybia, Martinique Island, Mauritius Island, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Serbia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, USA, Venezuela.

Specimens examined: 6 ♀♀ in total. Sečovlje (aasl 2 m, lat. 45°28'33''N, long. 13°37'06''E), 6 ♀♀ on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), 11/VII/2018.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens of Spain and by Kreiter et al. (2018, 2020) for specimens from Mauritius, La Réunion and various regions in the world.

Tribe Typhlodromipsini Chant & McMurtry

Typhlodromipsini Chant & McMurtry 2005c: 318.

Genus Typhlodromips De Leon

Typhlodromipsini Chant & McMurtry 2005c: 318; 2006b: 137; 2007: 55.

Typhlodromips driggeri (Specht)

Amblyseius driggeri Specht 1968: 681.

Typhlodromips driggeri, Moraes et al. 1986: 140; 2004: 212.

Neoseiulus driggeri, Chant & McMurtry 2003a: 17; 2007: 29.

Typhlodromips assiniboin Chant & Hansell 1971: 728 (synonymy according to Denmark & Evans 2011).

According to Denmark and Evans (2011), species of Typhlodromips have macrosetae on legs II, III and IV (and also on leg I, see above) and species of Neoseiulus have in general no macrosetae on legs I to III. The specimens here observed have macrosetae on all legs and is thus a Typhlodromips and not a Neoseiulus. According with the same authors, T. driggeri is a senior synonym of Typhlodromips assiniboin (Chant and Hanssel) placed by Chant and McMurtry (2007) in the genus Typhlodromips and not in the genus Neoseiulus (oppositely to the species driggeri placed in Neoseiulus by these two authors). Demite et al. (2020) following Moraes et al. (1986, 2004) placed also this species in the genus Typhlodromips and according with those authors, this species is considered to be a Typhlodromips and not a Neoseiulus.

According Chant & McMurtry (2007), this species belongs to the lugubris species group as seta Z1 is absent, and the calyx of the spermatheca is elongate, tubular.

The biology of that species is totally unknown. It was collected in orchard in Northern America and Canada but was never recorded outside of Northern America.

This is consequently the first report of that species from Slovenia and the first mention in Europe. Why this species is recorded in Slovenia as it was never recorded in other countries well investigated in Europe remain totally unknown.

World distribution: Canada, USA.

Specimens examined: 3 ♀♀ in total. Straža pri Raki (aasl 240 m, lat. 45°55'28''N, long. 15°24'26''E), 3 ♀♀ on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), 19/VI/2018.

Remarks: The measurements of the three adult females collected agree quite well with those provided by Specht (1968) for specimens collected in New Jersey in apple orchards and with Chant and Hansell (1971) for specimens from various places in Eastern Canada (Québec, Manitoba, Ontario), with only some slight variations (Table 1).

Table 1. Character measurements of adult females of Typhlodromips driggeri collected in this study with those in previous studies (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Tribe Amblyseiini Muma

Amblyseiini Muma, 1961: 68.

Subtribe Amblyseiina Muma

Amblyseiina Muma, 1961: 69.

Genus Transeius Chant & McMurtry

Transeius Chant & McMurtry, 2004a: 181.

Transeius fragilis (Kolodochka & Bondarenko)

Amblyseius fragilis Kolodochka & Bondarenko 1993: 34.

Typhlodromips fragilis, Moraes et al. 2004: 213.

Transeius fragilis, Chant & McMurtry 2004a: 187; 2007: 71.

This species belongs to the bellottii species group as seta z4 is not as long as 2/3 distance between its base and that of seta s4. The spermatheca has the calyx bell-shaped and that keys to bellottii species subgroup.

This species was described by Kolodochka and Bodarenko (1993) with specimens collected in the Black Sea National Biosphere Reserve, Solenoozernyy, Kherson Region, Ukraine, on Taraxacum sp. for the holotype and on Frankenia hirsuta L. and Cirsium sp. for the paratypes.

The biology of that species is totally unknown.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 3 ♀♀ in total. Podgorje (aasl 228 m, lat. 46°42'18''N, long. 15°49'13''E), 1 ♀ on Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae) and 2 ♀♀ on Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae), 12/VII/2018.

Remarks: The measurements of the three adult females (Table 2) collected agree quite well with those provided by Kolodochka and Bodarenko (1993) for specimens collected on diverse plant species from Ukraine, with only slightly longer setae z4 and S2, and slightly shorter macrosetae of the leg IV in the Slovenian specimens.

Table 2. Comparison of character measurements of adult females of Transeius fragilis collected in this study with those in previous studies (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Transeius volgini (Wainstein & Beglyarov)

Amblyseius volgini Wainstein & Beglyarov, 1971: 1804.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) volgini, Wainstein 1979: 140, 142.

Typhlodromips volgini, Moraes et al. 1986: 152; 2004: 229.

Transeius volgini, Chant & McMurtry 2004a: 187; 2007: 71.

Transeius magnus Wu 1987: 261 (synonymy according to Ryu & Ehara 1991).

Like T. fragilis, this species belongs to the bellottii species group and to the bellottii species subgroup (Chant and McMurtry 2004a).

The biology of that species is totally unknown.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: China, Russia, South Korea.

Specimens examined: 2 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂ in total. Šobec (aasl 418 m, lat. 46°21'22''N, long. 14°9'2''E), 2 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂ on Picea abies (Pinaceae) and 1 ♂ on Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the two adult females and the three adult males (Table 3) collected agree well with those provided by Wainstein and Beglyarov (1971) for Russia, by Wu (1987) for China [for T. magnus, junior synonym of T. volgini according to Ryu and Ehara (1991)] and by Ryu and Ehara (1991) for South Korea. T. volgini is similar to T. herbarius Wainstein but with important differences in setae measurements and less teeth in both digits in chelicerae.

Table 3. Character measurements of adult females and males of Transeius volgini collected in this study and those in previous studies (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Genus Amblyseius Berlese

Amblyseius Berlese, 1914: 143.

Amblyseius andersoni (Chant)

Typhlodromus andersoni Chant 1957: 296.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) andersoni, Chant 1959: 92.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) andersoni, Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) andersoni, Westerboer & Bernhard 1963: 682-689.

Amblyseius (Multiseius) andersoni, Denmark & Muma 1989: 84.

Amblyseius andersoni, Athias-Henriot 1958b: 33; Moraes et al. 2004: 14; Chant & McMurtry 2004a: 199; 2007: 75.

Amblyseiopsis potentillae Garman 1958: 7 (synonymy according to Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1990).

Amblyseius charui Gupta (synonymy according to Gupta 1985).

Amblyseius reflexus Knisley & Denmark 1978: 8-10 (synonymy according to Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1990).

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) britannicus Chant 1959: 87-88 (synonymy according to Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1990).

This species belongs to the obtusus species group with presence of setae J2 and Z1, seta Z4 short not as long as 2/3 between its base and that of seta s4, female ventrianal shield not vase-shaped/divided into separate ventral and anal shield and not wider at the level of anus than at the level of setae ZV2. It belongs to the andersoni species subgroup of this species group having calyx cup-shaped.

This species is distributed worldwide but is mainly reported from Europe. It has been observed on cultivated plants in orchards (apple, peach, pear and citrus) and vineyards, particularly in humid areas (Chant & Hansell 1971; Papadoulis & Emmanouel 1991; Ivancich-Gambaro 1994; Papaioannou-Souliotis et al. 1994; Nicotina 1996; Duso & Pasini 2003; Ragusa 2006). Several studies focused on the biology of A. andersoni and on its ability to feed on plant pests. It is reported to feed on P. ulmi, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Koveos & Broufas 2000; Fischer and Mourrut-Salesse 2005; Houten et al. 2005; Lorenzon et al. 2012). This species was already known from Slovenia. With 204 specimens collected in total (see above) in 23 locations, it was one of the most abundant and more widespread species reported in this survey. It has been observed in various locations, probably because of the high relative humidity in these regions.

Amblyseius andersoni was already mentioned from the Slovenian fauna (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013; Bohinc et al. 2018).

World distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 135 ♀♀, 33 ♂♂ and 36 immatures in total. Straža pri Raki (aasl 240 m, lat. 45°55'28''N, long. 15°24'26''E), 3 ♀♀ on Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae), 1 immature on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 2 ♀♀ on Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), 21 ♀♀ and 5 ♂♂ on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) and 1 immature on Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae), 19/VI/2018; Ravni (aasl 300 m, lat. 45°56'44''N, long. 15°24'21''E), 1 ♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2018; Arnovo Selo (aasl 192 m, lat. 47°58'07''N, long. 15°33'49''E), 7 ♀♀, 1 ♂, and 2 immatures on Malus domestica Miller (Rosaceae), 1 ♀ on Rubus fruticosus L. and 2 ♀♀ on P. cerasus, and 14 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Tilia cordata Miller (Malvaceae), 19/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Hotel Azur (aasl 296 m, 46°02'42''N, 14°28'25''E), 1 ♀ on M. domestica, 19/VI/2018 and 8 ♀♀ and 1 immature on Bambusa vulgaris Schrader (Poaceae), 21/VI/2018; Bukovica (aasl 49 m, lat. 45°54'06''N, long. 13°39'30''E), 11 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂ and 3 immatures on P. cerasus and 1 ♀ on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), 20/VI/2018; Bilje (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°53'60''N, long. 13°38'41''E), 2 ♀♀ on V. vinifera, 20/VI/2018; Prvačina (aasl 47 m, lat. 45°53'22''N, long. 13°42'54''E), 2 ♀♀ on Prunus persica L. (Rosaceae), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on M. domestica, and 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Prunus pumila L. (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2018; Izola-Pivol (aasl 30 m, lat. 45°32'27''N, long. 13°40'51''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♂ on Juglans regia L. (Juglandacae), 21/VI/2018; Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°28'44''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 1 ♀ on Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae), 21/VI/2018; Maribor, Plant Protection Institute (aasl 267 m, lat. 46°34'07''N, long. 15°38'12''E), 4 ♀♀ on M. domestica and 4 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on P. persica, and 2 ♀♀ on V. vinifera, 22/VI/2018; Bukovska vas (aasl 370 m, lat. 46°32'57''N, long. 15°03'01''E), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae), 12/VII/2018; Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, lat. 45°58'15''N, long. 14°34'17''E), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Acer campestre L. (Aceraceae), 18/VI/2019; Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty (aasl 307 m, 46°02'54''N, 14°28'32''E), 1 ♂ on Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), 18/VI/2019; Ljubljana, Hotel Katrca (aasl 307 m, 46°3'19''N, 14°20'26''E), 1 ♀ on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019, and 1 ♀ on Tilia platyphyllos Scopoli (Malvaceae), 22/VI/2019; Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 2 ♀♀ on J. regia and on Cornus sanguinea L. (Cornaceae), 19/VI/2019; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'32''N, long. 13°39'04''E), 3 ♀♀ on V. vinifera, 2 ♀♀ and 1 immature on P. pumila, and 1 ♂ on F. carica, 19/VI/2019; Bertoki (aasl 28 m, lat. 45°32'55''N, long. 13°47'13''E), 1 ♀ on Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson (Actinidiaceae), 19/VI/2019; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, 46°23'48''N, 13°40'11''E), 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Pinus strobus L. and 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on P. sylvestris L. (Pinaceae), 20/VI/2019; Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, lat. 46°28'43''N, long. 15°58'2''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Rubus tomentosus Borkhausen (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019; Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Ulmus minor Miller (Ulmaceae) and 2 ♀♀ on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae), 20/VI/2019; Šobec (aasl 418 m, lat. 46°21'22''N, long. 14°9'2''E), 2 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on P. sylvestris, 6 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂ and 4 immatures on Q. robur, 1 ♀ on Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten (Pinaceae), 1 ♀ and 5 immatures on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae), 1 ♀ on Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on J. regia and 2 ♀♀ on Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae), 21/VI/2019; Kranj (aasl 434 m, 46°16'6''N, 14°20'26''E), 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 3 immatures on P. abies and 4 immatures on Sambucus nigra L. (Adoxaceae), 21/VI/2019; Spodnje Škofije-Purissima (aasl 50 m, lat. 45°34'21''N, long. 13°46'31''E), 4 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 11/VII/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Chant and Yoshida (1990), by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain and by Doker et al. (2019) for specimens from Bosnia-Herzegovina, a close country of Slovenia.

Amblyseius microorientalis Wainstein & Beglyarov

Amblyseius microorientalis Wainstein & Beglyarov 1971: 1808.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) microorientalis, Wainstein 1979: 141.

Amblyseius (Multiseius) microorientalis, Denmark & Muma 1989: 113. Moraes et al. 1986: 22; 2004: 38.

Amblyseius microorientalis, Chant & McMurtry 2004a: 201; 2007: 80.

Like the previous species, A. microorientalis belongs to the obtusus species group of the genus Amblyseius but having the calyx of the spermatheca long and saccular, it belongs to the nicola species subgroup.

The biology of that species is totally unknown.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Russia.

Specimens examined: 3 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ in total. Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 3 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae), 20/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the three adult females (Table 4) collected agree well with those provided by Wainstein and Beglyarov (1971) and by Denmark and Muma (1989) for specimens from Russia with some slightly longer setae (j1, Z4, Z5, JV5, SgeIV and StiIV) in the Slovenian specimens. The male of that species is unknown and the description of the single specimen male collected is provided thereunder.

Table 4. Character measurements of adult females of Amblyseius microorientalis collected in this study with those in previous studies (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Description of the adult male of Amblyseius microorientalis Wainstein & Beglyarov

(n = 1) (Figs 1 a – d)

Diagnosis — The following combination of characters indicated below in the description of the male of this species is quite similar to the few described males of species of Amblyseius belonging to the obtusus species group and to the nicola species subgroup. Not many characters allow to distinguish it from all males of other species if no females are collected in the same time: the peritreme reaching the level of setae j1, an absence of reticulation of the dorsal shield, some dorsal setae length, especially z2, z4, r3 and S2 approximately of the same length (12 – 15) and s4 = Z4 (60), a spermatodactyl with a terminal part elongate with a large open angle with the shaft, additional macrosetae on all other legs than the leg IV, macrosetae of the leg IV subequal, a large sternogenital shield reticulated on margins, only three pairs of preanal setae, one pair of crateriform gv3 in-between and very close to setae JV2. All described males [Amblyseius articus Chant and Hansell, A. indocalami Zhu and Chen, A. longisaccatus Wu and Lin, Amblyseius obtusus (Koch), A. pseudoorientalis Chinniah and Mohanasundaram, A. tubae Karg, A. valpoensis Gonzalez and Schuster)] have similar ventrianal shield reticulated with 3 pairs of preanal setae but the shaft and toe are quite different. The closest species is A. indocalami but shaft and toe are shorter and the angle between shaft and toe is less open. All other species have shaft and toe with an angle close to 90°.

Dorsum — (Fig. 1a). Dorsal shield fused with the peritremal shield at the level of z2 – z4 position, with no reticulations, 268 long and 158 wide, with eight pairs of solenostomes (gd 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) and 10 pairs of poroids. The dorsal shield bears 17 pairs of dorsal setae and 2 pairs of sub-lateral setae on the dorsal shield: j1 24, j3 45, j4 8, j5 5, j6 8, J2 8, J5 5, z2 13, z4 15, z5 6, Z1 8, Z4 60, Z5 137, s4 60, S2 12, S4 10, S5 10, r3 14, R1 8. All setae smooth except Z4 and Z5 serrated.

Peritreme — (Fig. 1a). Extending to the level of j1. Peritremal shield fused with dorsal shield.

Venter — (Fig. 1b). Sternal shield smooth except on edges which are reticulated. Distances between st1 – st1 50, st2 – st2 58, st3 – st3 58, st1 – st5 113, st4 – st4 45, st5 – st5 33. Ventrianal shield with three pairs of pre-anal setae, JV1, JV2, and ZV2, and one pair crateriform gv3, between JV2 but very close from these setae, 20 between gv3 (distance between centers of solenostomes). One pair of iv5 and four pairs of poroids ivo discernible on the unique specimen examined. Soft cuticle surrounding ventrianal shield with one pair of setae ( JV5); ventrianal shield 114 long, 153 wide at anterior corners and 65 wide at level of paranal setae. JV5 smooth, 43 long. A pair of lyrifissures ivp near JV5.

Chelicera — Fixed digit 23 long, with 8-9 teeth and movable digit 23 long with 1-2 teeth. Spermatodactyl elongate, with an elongate shaft (Fig. 1c) 25 long, and an elongate toe 13 with a large open angle between them, which makes the toe almost in alignment with the shaft.

Legs — (Fig. 1d). Legs IV with three pointed macrosetae like in the female: SgeI 33, SgeII 28, SgeIII 31, StiIII 28, SgeIV 58, StiIV 50, StIV 55. Chaetotactic formula of genu II and III similar to that of females.

Figure 1. Male of Amblyseius microorientalis Wainstein and Beglyarov. a – Dorsal shield and peritreme; b – Ventral shields; c – Chelicera and spermatodactyl, d – Macrosetae on leg IV.

Specimens examined — 1 ♂ collected, 1 ♂ measured. Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 1 ♂ on Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae), 20/VI/2019.

Type material — One male on one slide deposited in Montpellier SupAgro–INRA Acarology collection.

Remarks — Characters of males are very similar to that of females except of course length of setae and other characters. Ventrianal shield of the male is strongly reticulated and the ventrianal shield of the female not or very slightly, the sternogenital shield is larger in the male at the level of the seta st2, of normal size and not larger in the female. The male has also less teeth in FD and MD than female has.

Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse

Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse 1958: 44; Chant & McMurtry 2004a: 201; 2007: 81.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) rademacheri, Chant 1959: 89.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromopsis) rademacheri, Muma 1961: 287.

Typhlodromus rademacheri, Hirschmann 1962: 229.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) rademacheri, Westerboer & Bernhard 1963: 658.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) rademacheri, Ehara 1966: 23.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) rademacheri, Karg 1971: 185.

Typhlodromips rademacheri, Moraes et al. 1986: 145; Moraes et al. 2004: 221.

Amblyseius (Neoseiulus) rademacheri, Ehara & Amano 1998: 31.

Amblyseius khnzoriani Wainstein & Arutunjan 1970: 1498 (synonymy according to Wainstein 1975).

This species belongs to the same species group and the same species subgroup as A. andersoni.

Amblyseius rademacheri was found together with T. urticae on S. melongena in Turkey (Soysal and Akyazi 2018). In previous studies, it was found on various fruits, weeds, forest trees in association with tetranychid and eriophyid mites (Hajizadeh 2007). Tixier et al. (2013) also reported A. rademacheri on Vitis vinifera. Komi et al. (2008) found this species on pepper and eggplant in Japan. However, despite these records on cultivated plants, the biology of that species is unknown.

Amblyseius rademacheri was already mentioned from the Slovenian fauna (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013).

World distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 6 ♀♀ and 2 immatures in total. Straža pri Raki (aasl 240 m, lat. 45°55'28''N, long. 15°24'26''E), 3 ♀♀ on Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae), 6 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) and 1 immature on Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae), 19/VI/2018; Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, lat. 45°58'15''N, long. 14°34'17''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 18/VI/2019; Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, lat. 46°28'43''N, long. 15°58'2''E), 1 ♀ on Prunus cerasus L. and 1 ♀ on Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019; Kranj (434 m, lat. 46°16'6''N, long. 14°20'26''E), 2 ♀♀ and 1 immature on Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) and 1 ♀ on Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ryu and Ehara (1992), Kolodochka and Gwiazdowicz (2016) and Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot 1962: 5.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) swirskii, Ehara 1966: 23.

Typhlodromips swirskii, Moraes et al. 1986: 149; 2004: 227.

Amblyseius swirskii, Chant & McMurtry 2004a: 201; 2007: 81.

Amblyseius capsicum (Basha, Yousef, Ibrahim & Mostafa) (synonymy according to Abo-Shnaf & Moraes 2014).

Amblyseius enab El-Badry ((synonymy according to Abo-Shnaf & Moraes 2014).

Amblyseius rykei Pritchard & Baker 1962: 249 (synonymy according to Zannou & Hanna 2011).

Like the previous species, A. swirskii belongs to the same species group and the same species subgroup as A. andersoni.

The predatory mite A. swirskii is one of the most efficient Phytoseidae; it is currently released in more than 50 countries of the world. It originates from the East Mediterranean coast and has been described in 1962 from almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb.] in Bet Dagan, Israel by Athias-Henriot (1962). This species was then reported along the coast of Israel, Middle Eastern countries, Southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and the America (Demite et al. 2020).

This species is able to develop not only in the Mediterranean basin but also in subtropical and tropical areas (Zannou and Hanna 2011). Since this species is not entering diapause, it can be used throughout much of the season where daytime temperatures regularly exceed 22 °C (Calvo et al. 2015). A. swirskii is commonly used to control whiteflies and thrips in greenhouse vegetables (especially cucumber, pepper and eggplant) and some ornamental crops, in Europe and North America (Calvo et al. 2015). The biology of this species and its importance for biocontrol were recently reviewed by Calvo et al. (2015) and Buitenhuis et al. (2015).

This is the first record of that species in Slovenia, probably originating from dispersion in the environment after greenhouse releases.

World distribution: Argentina, Azerbaijan, Benin, Burundi, Cape Verde, Dr Congo, Egypt, Gaza Strip, Georgia, Ghana, Israel, Italy, Kenya, La Réunion Island, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Spain, Syria, Tanzania, Turkey, USA, Yemen.

Specimens examined: 1 ♀ and 1 immature in total. Spodnje Škofije-Purissima (aasl 50 m, lat. 45°34'21''N, long. 13°46'31''E), 1 ♀ and 1immature on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 11/VII/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain and by Kreiter et al. (2016a, b) for specimens from La Réunion and from various countries in the world.

Sub-tribe Proprioseiopsina Chant & McMurtry

Proprioseiopsina Chant & McMurtry, 2004a: 219.

Genus Proprioseiopsis Muma

Proprioseiopsis Muma, 1961: 277.

Proprioseiopsis bordjelaini Athias-Henriot

Amblyseius bordjelaini Athias-Henriot 1966: 193.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) bordjelaini, Ueckermann & Loots 1988: 67.

Proprioseiopsis bordjelaini, Chant & McMurtry 2005a: 11; 2007: 89.

This species is mentioned as an uncertain species by Chant and McMurtry (2005a) having an uncertain identity because of incomplete description. This species is quite rare and has been only reported from the Mediterranean basin and Canary Islands. The biology of that species is totally unknown.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Algeria, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia.

Specimens examined: A single ♀ during the two years-study. Straža pri Raki (aasl 240 m, lat. 45°55'28''N, long. 15°24'26''E), 1 ♀ on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), 19/VI/2018.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain (Table 5).

Table 5. Comparison of character measurements of adult females of Proprioseiopsis bordjelaini collected in this study with those in previous studies (localities followed by the number of specimens measured between brackets).

Proprioseiopsis okanagensis (Chant)

Typhlodromus okanagensis Chant 1957: 293.

Proprioseiopsis okanagensis, Chant & McMurtry 2005a: 15: 2007: 89.

Proprioseiopsis levis Wainstein 1960: 686 (synonymy according to Karg 1971b).

Oppositely to the case of the previous species, P. okanagensis belongs to the belizensis species group of the genus Proprioseiopsis having macrosetae on genu I and to the belizensis species subgroup having a calyx of the spermatheca bell-shaped. The biology of that species is totally unknown.

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greenland, Latvia, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: A single ♀ during the two years-study. Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, lat. 46°28'43''N, long. 15°58'2''E), 1 ♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult female collected agree with those provided by Chant (1957) in the original description.

Tribe Euseiini Chant & McMurtry

Euseiini Chant & McMurtry 2005b: 191.

Sub-tribe Typhlodromalina Chant & McMurtry

Typhlodromalina Chant & McMurtry 2005b: 195.

Genus Amblydromalus Chant & McMurtry

Amblydromalus Chant & McMurtry, 2005b: 203; 2007: 117.

Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor)

Amblyseius limonicus Garman & McGregor 1956: 11.

Amblyseiopsis limonicus, Garman 1958: 72.

Tyohlodromus (Amblyseius) limonicus, Chant 1959: 96.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) limonicus, Muma 1961: 288.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) limonicus, Wainstein 1962: 15.

Typhlodromalus limonicus De Leon, 1967: 22.

Amblydromalus limonicus, Chant & McMurtry 2005b: 207; 2007: 117.

Amblydromalus garmani Chant 1959: 81 (unjustified replacement name for Amblydromalus limonicus according to Chant 1959).

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) garmani Chant 1959: 81 (objective synonymy according to Moraes et al. 1986: 131; 2004: 199).

Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) rapax De Leon 1965: 125 (synonymy according to Moraes et al. 1982)

This species belongs to the limonicus species group as seta Z4 is much shorter than 40 % of the distance between its base and that of seta Z5.

Amblydromalus limonicus was described in 1956 from citrus in California. Its distribution range covers North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It was detected for the first time in 2011 on tomatoes in several locations of the northeastern Spain and has extended its area of distribution since this date (Chorazy et al. 2016). It first caught the attention as natural enemy of the spider mites Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) and T. urticae in avocados and other fruit trees (Knapp et al. 2013). In laboratory studies, A. limonicus developed into adults and laid eggs on several species of mites, thrips, whiteflies and scale insects, as well as on pollen (Knapp et al. 2013). Interest into A. limonicus re-emerged in the early 1990s after F. occidentalis had spread nearly all over the world. It was collected during surveys for F. occidentalis biocontrol agents in New Zealand and Australia. Laboratory and semi-field experiments in the Netherlands and Australia showed that A. limonicus was a very promising candidate for biological control of F. occidentalis in several greenhouse crops (Knapp et al. 2013). However, it was not possible to establish a commercially viable mass rearing system at this time. At around the same time A. limonicus was also identified in surveys in South America for classical biocontrol agents for the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar). Recently, a mass production system for A. limonicus was developed and this species became commercially available in January 2012. With the material from this mass production system, more semi-field and field trials could be conducted. Results showed that A. limonicus is also an excellent biocontrol agent for greenhouse whiteflies Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) in various ornamental and vegetable greenhouse crops. As this predatory mite originates from temperate areas, it is a good complement to A. swirskii and Transeius montdorensis (Schicha). Both species originate from sub-tropical regions and have a higher optimum temperature than A. limonicus. This is the first record of that species in Slovenia, probably originating from dispersion in the environment after greenhouse releases.

World distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Hawaii, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Spain, Suriname, Trinidad, USA, Venezuela.

Specimens examined: 2 ♀♀ in total. Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 2 ♀♀ on Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae), 19/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Moraes and McMurtry (1983) and by Moraes et al. (1994).

Subtribe Euseiina Chant & McMurtry

Euseiina Chant & McMurtry, 2005b: 209.

Genus Euseius Wainstein

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) section Euseius, Wainstein, 1962: 15; Euseius De Leon, 1967: 86.

Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans)

Seiulus finlandicus Oudemans 1915: 183.

Typhlodromus finlandicus, Oudemans 1930a: 50.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) finlandicus, Cunlife & Baker 1953: 19.

Amblyseius finlandicus, Athias-Henriot 1958: 34.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) finlandicus, Chant 1959: 67.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromopsis) finlandicus, De Leon 1959: 113.

Amblyseius (Typhlodromalus) finlandicus, Muma 1961: 288.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) finlandicus, Wainstein 1962: 15.

Amblyseius (Euseius) finlandicus, Arutunjan 1970: 11.

Euseius finlandicus, Karg 1971: 178; Moraes et al. 1986: 41, 2004: 66; Chant & McMurtry 2005b: 215; 2007: 118.

Typhlodromus pruni Oudemans 1929: 32 (synonymy according to Yoshida-Shaul & Chant 1995a).

Euseius finlandicus has been reported in orchards and grapevines in various countries in Europe. This species is widespread, mainly in the Palaearctic region. It feeds on P ulmi and various eriophyid mites. It is a type IV predatory mite with its highest reproductive capacity reached when feeding on pollen (McMurtry and Croft 1997; Broufas and Koveos 2000; McMurtry et al. 2013).

This species was already known from Slovenia (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013; Bohinc et al. 2018). With 375 specimens in total in 21 locations, it is one of the more common and widespread in that survey.

World distribution: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Caucasus Region, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Scandinavia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 234 ♀♀, 61 ♂♂ and 80 immatures in total. Straža pri Raki (aasl 240 m, lat. 45°55'28''N, long. 15°24'26''E), 1 ♀ on Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), 19/VI/2018; Ravni (aasl 300 m, lat. 45°56'44''N, long. 15°24'21''E), 4 ♀♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2018; Arnovo Selo (aasl 192 m, lat. 47°58'07''N, long. 15°33'49''E), 4 ♀♀ on P. cerasus and 24 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂ and 6 immature on Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) and 10 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Tilia cordata Miller (Malvaceae), 19/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Hotel Azur (aasl 296 m, 46°02'42''N, 14°28'25''E), 10 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on T. cordata, 13 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 1 immature on Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae), 3 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂ on Malus domestica L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2018 and 11 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastaneaceae), 22/VI/2018; Bukovica (aasl 49 m, lat. 45°54'06''N, long. 13°39'30''E), 4 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on P. cerasus and 1 immature on Ziziphus jujuba Miller (Rhamnaceae), 20/VI/2018; Izola-Pivol (aasl 30 m, lat. 45°32'27''N, long. 13°40'51''E), 4 ♀♀ on P. cerasus, 7 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 1 immature on J. regia, 21/VI/2018; Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°28'44''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 34 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on P. cerasus, 21/VI/2018; Pesnica (aasl 256 m, lat. 46°37'02''N, long. 15°40'58''E), 8 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂ and and 14 immatures on M. domestica, 22/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Parc Tivoli (aasl 300 m, 46°03'16''N, 14°29'49''E), 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae) and 1 immature on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae), 22/IV/2018; Ljubljana, Botanical garden (aasl 293 m, 46°02'02''N, 14°30'51''E), 10 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Celtis australis L. (Cannabaceae), 22/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty (aasl 307 m, 46°02'54''N, 14°28'32''E), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), 18/VI/2019; Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 3 ♀♀ and 2 immatures on J. regia and 16 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ and 13 immatures on A. hippocastanum, 19/VI/2019; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'32''N, long. 13°39'04''E), 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on M. domestica and 1 ♀ on Prunus pumila L. (Rosaceae), and 3 ♀♀ and 2 immatures on Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae), 19/VI/2019; Bertoki (aasl 28 m, lat. 45°32'55''N, long. 13°47'13''E), 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Prunus persica L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♀ on Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson (Actinidiaceae), 19/VI/2019; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, 46°23'48''N, 13°40'11''E), 1 immature on Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae), 20/VI/2019; Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, lat. 46°28'43''N, long. 15°58'2''E), 6 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on M. domestica and 1 ♀ on P. persica, 20/VI/2019; Veržej, Kasač Restaurant (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°34'44''N, long. 16°09'45''E), 5 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 3 immatures on A. pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae) and 1 ♂ and 1 immature on T. cordata, 20/VI/2019; Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 1 ♂ + 2 immatures on Quercus sessiliflora (Mattuschka) Lieblein and 22 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 5 immatures on Q. robur L. (Fagaceae) and 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae), 20/VI/2019; Bled, Lake (aasl 478 m, lat. 46°22'4''N, long. 14°05'06''E), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner (Betulaceae), 10 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂ and 5 immatures on A. pseudoplatanus and 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Ulmus minor L. (Ulmaceae), 21/VI/2019; Kranj (aasl 434 m, 46°16'6''N, 14°20'26''E), 1 ♀ on C. mas, 4 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ and 3 immatures on C. betulus, 1 ♀ and 2 immatures on Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten (Pinaceae) and 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosacae), 21/VI/2019; Ljubljana, Hotel Katrca (aasl 307 m, 46°3'19''N, 14°20'26''E), 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Tilia platyphyllos Scopoli (Malvaceae), 22/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut and Escudero (1997) and Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Euseius gallicus Kreiter & Tixier

Euseius gallicus Kreiter & Tixier, in Tixier et al. (2010d): 242.

Euseius gallicus is a phytoseiid species described from southern France (Tixier et al. 2010). It has also been recorded from Tunisia, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Turkey (Kreiter et al. 2010; Döker et al. 2014).

Unlike the phytoseiid species mentioned above, which are classified as generalist predators of small insects and mites (type III), Euseius species are pollen-feeding generalist predators (type IV) (McMurtry and Croft 1997; McMurtry et al. 2013). Type III phytoseiids also feed on pollen but prefer or show better performance on insect or mite prey. Type IV predatory mites have their highest reproductive capacity when feeding on pollen, and populations in the field often increase significantly when the crop or the surrounding vegetation is flowering (McMurtry et al. 2013).

Recently, E. gallicus has shown potential as a biocontrol agent for thrips and whiteflies in roses when Typha sp. (cattail) pollen is supplied as an additional food source (Biobest 2013; Wackers 2013). Provision of pollen as a supplementary food source can improve biological control of whiteflies and thrips by type III phytoseiids (van Rijn and Sabelis 1993; Nomikou et al. 2010), and control works excellently in crops where pollen is naturally available (Calvo et al. 2012). The population of Euseius species can grow faster than the population of type III phytoseiids when pollen is provided as a food source.

This species was already recorded and mentioned in a Slovenian paper (Bohinc et al. 2018) but it is the first mention of that species in an international paper for Slovenia.

World distribution: Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Tunisia, Turkey.

Specimens examined: 30 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 4 immatures in total. Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°28'44''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 1 ♀ on Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae), 21/VI/2018; Dragonja (aasl 1 m, lat. 45°27'12''N, long. 13°39'43''E), 1 ♀ on Pistacia terebinthus L. (Anacardiaceae), 21/VI/2018; Lucija (aasl 22 m, lat. 45°30'30''N, long. 13°36'11''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), 11/VII/2018; Ljubljana, Hotel Katrca (aasl 307 m, 46°3'19''N, 14°20'26''E), 2 ♀♀ on Physocarpus opolifolius (L.) Maximowicz (Rosaceae) and 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019; Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 13 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂ and 1 immature on Cornus sanguinea L. (Cornaceae) and 3 ♀♀ on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae), 19/VI/2019; Bertoki (aasl 28 m, lat. 45°32'55''N, long. 13°47'13''E), 3 ♀♀ on Prunus persica L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♀ on Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson (Actinidiaceae), 19/VI/2019; Ankaran (aasl 19 m, lat. 45°34'20''N, long. 13°45'29''E), 3 ♀♀ and 1 immature on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae), 19/VI/2019; Ljubljana, Hotel Katrca (aasl 307 m, 46°3'19''N, 14°20'26''E), 1 ♀ on Tilia platyphyllos Scopoli (Malvaceae), 22/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Okassa et al. (2009), Tixier et al. (2010) and Döker et al. (2014).

Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot)

Amblyseius stipulatus Athias-Henriot 1960a: 294.

Typhlodromus stipulatus, Hirshmann 1962.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) stipulatus, Ueckermann & Loots 1988: 110.

Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot), Ferragut et al. 1985: 225; Moraes et al. 1986: 55; 2004: 84; Chant & McMurtry 2005b: 216; 2007: 123.

This species was described from Algeria (Athias-Henriot 1960). This species is mainly known from the south of the Western Palearctic region. It is a very common species reported from many plants, including crops such as peach, avocado orchards and vineyards. It is especially abundant in citrus orchards (Ragusa 1977; Ferragut et al. 1983; Papaioannou-Souliotis et al. 1994; Ragusa 2006; Kreiter et al. 2010; Sahraoui et al. 2012). Several studies have shown its ability to feed on pollen but also on pests such as T. urticae and P. citri or eriophyid mites (Ferragut et al. 1992; Santaballa et al. 1994; Abad-Moyano et al. 2009; Pina et al., 2012). This species was already recorded and mentioned in a Slovenian paper (Bohinc et al. 2018) but it is the first mention of that species in an international paper for Slovenia.

World distribution: Algeria, Azores, Canary Islands, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Madeira Island, Montenegro, Morocco, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, USA.

Specimens examined: 23 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂ and 10 immatures in total. Izola-Pivol (aasl 30 m, lat. 45°32'27''N, long. 13°40'51''E), 6 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Prunus persica L. (Rosaceae), 1 ♂ and 1 immature on Ulmus minor Miller (Ulmaceae), 3 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ and 3 immatures on Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♀ on Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), 21/VI/2018; Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°28'44''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 7 ♀♀ and 2 immatures on Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae), 21/VI/2018; Sečovlje, Parecag 15 (aasl 10 m, lat. 45°28'50''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2019; Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae), 19/VI/2019; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'32''N, long. 13°39'04''E), 1 ♀ and 1 immature on Prunus pumila L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2018; Bertoki (aasl 28 m, lat. 45°32'55''N, long. 13°47'13''E), 1 ♀ on P. persica and 1 ♀ on Salix daphnoides Villars (Salicaceae), 19/VI/2018; Purissima (aasl 50 m, lat. 45°34'21''N, long. 13°46'31''E), 1 ♀ on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 11/VII/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut and Escudero (1997) and by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Sub-family Phytoseiinae Berlese

Phytoseiini, Berlese 1913: 3; Phytoseiinae, Vitzthum 1941: 768.

Genus Phytoseius Ribaga

Phytoseius Ribaga 1904: 177

Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga

Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga 1904: 178; Chant 1959: 108; Moraes et al. 1986: 214; 2004: 252; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 129.

Phytoseius (Dubininellus) finitimus, Wainstein 1959: 1365.

Phytoseius (Pennaseius) finitimus, Pritchard & Baker 1962: 223.

Pennaseius finitimus, Schuster & Pritchard 1963: 279.

Phytoseius (Phytoseius) finitimus, Denmark 1966: 16.

Phytoseius dubinini (Beglyarov) (synonymy according to Pritchard & Baker 1962).

Having seta R1 and J2 present, this species belongs to the plumifer species group of the genus Phytoseius (Chant and McMurtry 2007).

This species is mainly reported in Mediterranean countries, and is especially frequent in Israel and Greece. It has been observed mainly on shrubs. A big confusion between P. finitimus and Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) has existed for a long time and a tentative solution has been proposed by Duso and Fontana (2002). We herein follow these authors and do not considered valid the synonymy between these species indicated in Moraes et al. (2004).

Phytoseius finitimus has been reported on grapevines and fig tree orchards in several countries in Europe. It seems to feed on P ulmi (Duso and Moretto 1994) and various eriophyid mites (Rasmy and El-Banhawy 1974b), and it consumes pollen (Zaher et al., 1969; Rasmy and El-Banhawy 1975). High relative humidities and very hairy-leaved plants or varieties seem to be very suitable for P. finitimus (Rasmy and El-Banhawy 1974a; Duso and Moretto 1994).

This is the first report of that species from Slovenia.

World distribution: Algeria, Azores, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, USA.

Specimens examined: 2 ♂♂ collected in total. Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 1 ♂ on Cornus sanguinea L. (Cornaceae) and 1 ♂ on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Sapindaceae), 19/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the two adult males collected agree with those provided by Duso and Fontana (2002) and by Tixier et al. (2017).

Phytoseius horridus Ribaga

Phytoseius horridus Ribaga 1904: 178; Chant 1959: 108; Moraes et al. 2004: 240; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 129.

Phytoseius (Dubininellus) horridus, Chant & Athias-Henriot 1960: 221.

Typhlodromus horridus, Hirschmann 1962: 62.

Phytoseius (Phytoseius) horridus, Moraes et al. 1986: 222.

Having seta R1 and J2 absent, this species belongs to the horridus species group of the genus Phytoseius (Chant and McMurtry 2007).

The biology of this species seems totally unknown.

This species was already recorded and mentioned in a Slovenian paper (Bohinc et al. 2018), and in international conference paper (Trdan and Bohinc, 2016).

World distribution: Algeria, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain.

Specimens examined: 23 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ in total. Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°28'44''N, long. 13°37'49''E), 15 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae), 21/VI/2018; Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, lat. 45°58'15''N, long. 14°34'17''E), 4 ♀♀ on Acer campestre L. (Sapindaceae) and 1 ♀ on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'32''N, long. 13°39'4''E), 2 ♀♀ on Prunus pumila L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♀ on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), 19/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Denmark (1966) and by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Phytoseius juvenis Wainstein & Arutunjan

Phytoseius (Dubininellus) juvenis Wainstein & Arutunjan, 1970: 1501.

Phytoseius (Phytoseius) juvenis, Moraes et al. 1986: 223.

Dubininellus juvenis, Karg 1991: 25-26.

Phytoseius juvenis, Moraes et al. 2004: 242; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 129.

Phytoseius ciliatus Wainstein (synonymy according to Rahmani et al. 2010).

Like the previous species and for the same reasons, P. juvenis species belongs to the horridus species group of the genus Phytoseius (Chant and McMurtry 2007).

The biology of this species seems totally unknown.

This is the first report of that species in Slovenia.

World distribution: Armenia, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 6 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 3 immatures in total. Arnovo Selo (aasl 192 m, lat. 47°58'07''N, long. 15°33'49''E), 6 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 3 immatures on Malus domestica L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2018.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Kolodochka (1978) and by Karg (1991).

Sub-family Typhlodrominae Wainstein

Typhlodromini Wainstein 1962: 26; Typhlodrominae, Chant & McMurtry 1994: 235.

Tribe Typhlodromini Wainstein

Typhlodromus Scheuten, Evans 1953: 449.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus), Chant 1957c: 528.

Typhlodromini Wainstein 1962: 26; Chant & McMurtry 1994: 246; 2007: 144.

Genus Typhloseiulus Chant & McMurtry

Typhloseiulus Chant & McMurtry 1994: 246.

Typhloseiulus calabriae (Ragusa & Swirski)

Seiulus calabriae Ragusa & Swirski 1976: 179-182; Kolodochka 1981: 21; Moraes et al. 1986: 230.

Typhlodromus calabriae, Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1983: 1144-1145.

Typhloseiulus calabriae, Moraes et al. 2004: 373-374.

This species is mentioned only from few European countries.

Its biology remains totally unknown.

This is the first mention of that species for the Slovenian fauna.

World distribution: Croatia, Greece, Italy, Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 2 ♀♀ in total. Ljubljana, near Hotel Azur (aasl 296 m, lat. 46°02'42''N, long. 14°28'25''E), 2 ♀♀ on Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae), 19/VI/2018.

Remarks The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Chant and Yoshida-Shaul (1983) and by Doker (2018) in a recent re-description.

Genus Neoseiulella Muma

Neoseiulella Muma 1961: 295.

Neoseiulella aceri (Collyer)

Typhlodromus aceri Collyer 1957: 199-200; Chant 1958: 626; Hirschmann 1962: 12; Livshitz & Kuznetsov 1972: 20; Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1989: 1013.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) aceri, Chant 1959: 65; Westerboer & Bernhard 1963: 565-568.

Typhloctonus aceri, Muma 1961: 299; Denmark & Rather 1984: 166-167; Kolodochka 1986: 30-31; Moraes et al. 1986: 232; Kolodochka 2009: 486-487.

Typhlodromus (Nesbitteius) aceri, Wainstein 1962: 23.

Seiulus aceri, Abbasova 1972: 18; Karg & Edland 1987: 387; Steeghs et al. 1993: 24.

Seiulus (Typhloctonus) aceri, Beglyarov 1981: 19.

Paraseiulus aceri, Steeghs et al. 1993: 19-27.

Neoseiulella (Typhloctona) aceri, Denmark & Rather 1996: 60.

Neoseiulella aceri, Moraes et al. 2004: 290; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 147.

Heteroseiulus aceris Lehman 1982: 236 (synonymy according to Chant & Yoshida-Shaul 1989a).

This species belongs to the tiliarum species group as JV3 is present, dorsal setae are medium and relatively uniform in length and chelicerae with few teeths.

Neoseiulella aceri was the second most common species on walnut in Czech Republic and the co-occurrence this species and E. finlandicus was often observed (Kabicek 2010).

Despite these observations, the biology of this type III species (McMurtry et al. 2013) is almost totally unknown. This species is mostly reported on Acer species (Kanouth et al. 2012)

This is the first mention of that species for the Slovenian fauna.

World distribution: Azerbaijan, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Norway, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: A single ♀ during the two years-study. Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 1 ♀ on Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae), 20/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Kanouh et al. (2012) for the holotype.

Neoseiulella tiliarum (Oudemans)

Typhlodromus tiliarum Oudemans 1930a: 51-52.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) tiliarum, Chant 1959: 65.

Typhloctonus tiliarum,Muma 1961: 299.

Typhlodromus (Nesbitteius) tiliarum, Wainstein 1962: 22-23.

Seiulus tiliarum, Abbasova 1972: 21; Karg 1982: 205; Karg & Edland 1987: 387.

Seiulus (Typhloctonus) tiliarum, Beglyarov 1981: 19.

Neoseiulella (Typhloctona) tiliarum, Denmark & Rather 1996: 58-59.

Neoseiulella tiliarum, Chant & McMurtry 1994: 248; Moraes et al. 2004: 296; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 147.

Typhlodromus formosus Wainstein 1958: 206-207 (synonymy according to Chant 1959).

Like the previous species, N. tiliarum belongs to the tiliarum species group.

Neoseiulla tiliarum is more common in this study than the previous Neoseiulella species (see above). It was the most common phytoseiid species on the surveyed urban linden trees in Czech Republic in a recent study (Kabicek 2019). Significantly more specimens of N. tiliarum were captured in this Czech study within the well-developed domatia created by overlapping trichomes in the vein axils and near the raised hairy veins on the underside of leaves of Tilia platyphyllos, and all specimens of N. tiliarum were detected within the similar sheltered leaf tuft domatia microhabitat on the abaxial leaf area of Tilia cordata (Barret 1994; Kabicek 2019). The vast majority of specimens of N. tiliarum sheltered more deeply within the domatia and persisted within the protected leaf domatia and vein microhabitats when they were repeatedly disturbed. The obvious preference for the sheltered leaf microhabitats among N. tiliarum detected on both surveyed Tilia spp. is consistent with the results obtained from grapevines (Kreiter et al. 2000, 2002) and Tilia spp. (Barret 1994). The frequent occurrence and persistence of slowly moving specimens of N. tiliarum on the unprotected leaf surface could be hazardous to them, so they prefer the sheltered leaf microhabitats and use the same shelter-based method of defensive strategy to avoid possible macro-predators, similarly to N. aceri and K. aberrans (Kabicek 2005, 2008). Neoseiulella tiliarum has been observed on diverse deciduous trees (Chant and Yoshida-Shaul 1989), plant supports observed below can provide appropriate habitat niches for the survival and persistence of this generalist predator type III (McMurtry et al. 2013) in urban and non-urban areas. Despite this information, the biology of that species remains totally unknown.

This species was already recorded from Slovenia (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013).

World distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Canada, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 14 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ in total. Arnovo Selo (aasl 192 m, lat. 47°58'07''N, long. 15°33'49''E), 4 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2018; Izola-Pivol (aasl 30 m, lat. 45°32'27''N, long. 13°40'51''E), 1 ♀ on Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), 21/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Botanical garden (aasl 296 m, lat. 46°02'02''N, long. 14°30'51''E), 4 ♀♀ on Celtis australis L. (Cannabaceae), 21/VI/2018; Ljubljana, Azur Hotel (aasl 296 m, lat. 46°02'42''N, long. 14°28'25''E), 1 ♀ on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Sapindaceae), 21/VI/2018; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, lat. 46°23'48''N, long. 13°40'11''E), 1 ♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019; Veržej, Kasač Restaurant (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°34'44''N, long. 16°09'45''E), 1 ♀ on Tilia cordata Miller (Malvaceae), 20/VI/2019; Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 1 ♀ on Ulmus minor L. (Ulmaceae), 20/VI/2019; Bled, Lake (aasl 478 m, lat. 46°22'4''N, long. 14°05'06''E), 1 ♀ on U. minor, 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree well with those provided by Kanouh et al. (2012) for the holotype and with Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) Scheuten

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon, van der Merwe 1968: 20; Karg 1982: 194; Chant & McMurtry 1994: 250; 2007: 149.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bakeri (Garman)

Seiulus bakeri Garman, 1948: 15.

Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) bakeri, Nesbitt 1951: 36-37.

Typhlodromus bakeri, Cunliffe & Baker 1953: 10.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) bakeri, Chant 1959: 63.

Typhlodromella bakeri, Muma 1961: 299.

Amblydromella bakeri, Muma 1967: 267-280; Moraes et al. 1986: 155.

Mumaseius bakeri, Abbasova 1972: 10.

Anthoseius (Aphanoseius) bakeri, Wainstein 1972: 1477-1482.

Anthoseius bakeri, Beglyarov 1981: 24.

Amblydromella (Aphanoseia) bakeri, Denmark & Welbourn 2002: 308.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bakeri, Moraes et al. 2004: 311; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 152.

Anthoseius (Aphanoseius) clavatus Wainstein 1972: 1481 (synonymy according to Evans & Edland 1998).

Having setae S4, JV3 and JV4 present, setae on dorsal shield setiform approximately equal in length except for Z4 and Z5, which are sometimes longer, setae r3 and R1 on lateral integument, and setae of z-Z and s-S series shorter than distances between their bases, this species belongs to the rhenanus species group.

Almost nothing is known about the biology of that species.

This species was already recorded from Slovenia (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013).

World distribution: Alaska, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Canada, Caucasus Region, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 28 ♀♀ and 7 ♂♂ in total. Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, lat. 45°58'15''N, long. 14°34'17''E), 1 ♀ on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae) and 1 ♂ on Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 18/VI/2019; Kočevska Reka, Lake (aasl 567 m, 45°34'33''N, 14°47'25''E), 1 ♀ on Crateagus monogyna Jacquin (Rosaceae), 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Abies alba Miller (Pinaceae), and 1 ♀ on Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019; Ljubljana, Faculty of Biotechnology campus (aasl 307 m, lat. 46°02'54''N, long. 14°28'32''E), 1 ♀ on Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), 18/VI/2019; Sečovlje, 58a (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°28'43''N, long. 13°37'28''E), 1 ♀ on Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), 19/VI/2019; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'32''N, long. 13°39'4''E), 3 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Prunus pumila L. (Rosaceae), 19/VI/2019; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, lat. 46°23'48''N, long. 13°40'11''E), 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae), 20/VI/2019; Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, 46°28'43''N, 15°58'2''E), 2 ♀♀ on Malus domestica L. (Rosaceae), and 2 ♀♀ on Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019; Veržej, Near the football stadium (aasl 182 m, lat. 46°35'27''N, long. 16°10'1''E), 1 ♀ on Ulmus minor L. (Ulmaceae), 2 ♀♀ on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae) and 2 ♀♀ on Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae), 20/VI/2019; Šobec (aasl 418 m, 46°21'22''N, 14°9'2''E), 1 ♀ on Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten (Pinaceae) and 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on P. sylvestris, 2 ♀♀ and 1 ♂ on Q. robur, 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ on Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae) and 1 ♀ on F. excelsior, 21/VI/2019; Bled, Lake (aasl 478 m, lat. 46°22'4''N, long. 14°05'06''E), 1 ♀ on Alnus glutinosa L. (Betulaceae), 21/VI/2019; Kranj (aasl 434 m, 46°16'6''N, 14°20'26''E), 1 ♀ on C. mas, 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Chant et al. (1974), by Karg (1982) and by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) foenilis Oudemans

Typhlodromus foenilis Oudemans 1930b: 70.

Anthoseius (Amblydromellus) foenilis, André 1986: 111.

Amblydromella foenilis, Moraes et al. 1986: 173.

Anthoseius foenilis, Evans & Edland 1998: 41-62.

Amblydromella (Aphanoseia) foenilis, Denmark & Welbourn 2002: 308.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) foenilis, Moraes et al. 2004: 323; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 152.

For same reasons than the previous species, this species belongs to the rhenanus species group.

The biology of this type III species (McMurtry et al. 2013) is almost totally unknown.

This is the first mention of that species for the Slovenian fauna.

World distribution: Belgium, Cyprus, England, Greece, Ireland, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey.

Specimens examined: A single ♀ during the two years-study. Ankaran (aasl 19 m, lat. 45°34'20''N, long. 13°45'29''E), 1 ♀ on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae), 19/VI/2019;

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Faraji et al. (2007) and by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain. This species is very close to T. (A.) cryptus, considered to be a junior synonym by several authors.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki Wainstein

Typhlodromus recki Wainstein 1958: 203.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) recki, Chant 1959: 62.

Typhlodromella recki, Muma 1961: 299.

Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) recki, Ehara 1966: 18.

Anthoseius (Amblydromellus) recki, Kolodochka 1980: 39.

Anthoseius recki, Swirski & Amitai 1982: 58.

Amblydromella recki, Moraes et al. 1986: 171.

Amblydromella (Aphanoseia) recki, Denmark & Welbourn 2002: 308.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki, Ueckermann & Loots 1988: 18, 21; Moraes et al. 2004: 344; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 155.

For same reasons than the previous species, this species belongs to the rhenanus species group.

This species is commonly found in uncultivated areas and sometimes in crops in Europe, mainly on plants of the family Lamiaceae. However, no data on its biology were available until recently. Five populations of this species collected in South of France have been studied. Their abilities to eat Tetranychus urticae as well as their fecundity were assessed in lab experiments. Differences between the five populations have been observed. The fecundity rates (number of eggs/ female/ day) ranges between 0.5 and 1.4. The number of eggs of T. urticae consumed per female and per day ranges between 8 and 18. When the amount of prey is important in first days of the experiment, predation rates higher than 40 eggs consumed per female per day have been observed (Tixier et al. 2016). The number of prey consumed for some of the populations herein tested is quite similar to those reported for some predatory mite species used in biological control, such as Neoseiulus californicus, for example. Such results emphasize the potential capacity of that species to regulate T. urticae. Furthermore, as this species is endemic of Europe, such results open new insights for using endemic biodiversity to limit side effects of biological control within international exchange rules. However, additional studies are clearly needed to determine optimal rearing conditions, prey ranges and predation behaviour in field conditions (Tixier et al. 2016).

This is the first mention of that species for the Slovenian fauna.

World distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Caucasus Region, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Moldova, Morocco, Portugal, Russia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 4 ♀♀ in total. Parecag (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°29'06''N, long. 13°37'41''E), 1 ♀ on Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae), 11/VII/2018; Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, lat. 45°58'15''N, long. 14°34'17''E), 1 ♀ on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019; Bled, Lake (aasl 478 m, lat. 46°22'4''N, long. 14°05'06''E), 1 ♀ on Ulmus minor L. (Ulmaceae), 21/VI/2019; Spodnje Škofije-Purissima (aasl 50 m, lat. 45°34'21''N, long. 13°46'31''E), 1 ♀ on Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), 11/VII/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain and by Ferragut (2018) for specimens from the Azores Archipelago.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) rhenanus (Oudemans)

Seiulus rhenanus Oudemans 1905: 78.

Typhlodromus (Neoseiulus) rhenanus, Nesbitt 1951: 38-39.

Typhlodromus rhenanus, Cunliffe and Baker 1953: 9.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) rhenanus, Chant 1959: 62-63.

Typhlodromella rhenana, Muma 1961: 299.

Anthoseius rhenanus, Wainstein and Kolodochka 1974: 28

Anthoseius (Amblydromellus) rhenanus, Kolodochka 1978: 63-64.

Typhlodromus (Amblydromella) rhenanus, Gupta 1985: 396.

Amblydromella rhenana, Moraes et al. 1986: 172.

Typhlodromella rhenana, Evans and Momen 1988: 209-216.

Amblydromella (Aphanoseia) rhenana, Denmark and Welbourn 2002: 308.

Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) rhenanus, Moraes et al. 2004: 345; Chant and McMurtry 2007: 155.

Anthoseius tortor Beglyarov and Malov, 1978: 7 (synonymy according to Evans and Edland 1998).

For same reasons than the previous species, this species belongs to the rhenanus species group.

Almost nothing is known about the biology of that species.

This species was already recorded from Slovenia (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013).

World distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira Island, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: 2 ♀♀ in total. Rakitnica, Dolenja vas (aasl 490 m, lat. 45°41'12''N, long. 14°45'20''E), 2 ♀♀ on Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), 18/VI/2019.

Remarks: The description and measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain.

Genus Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) Scheuten

Typhlodromus Scheuten 1857: 111; Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus ) Chant 1957: 528.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) ernesti Ragusa & Swirski

Typhlodromus ernesti Ragusa & Swirski 1978: 211; Moraes et al. 1986: 243.

Typhlodromus ernesti postici, Karg 1989: 275.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) ernesti, Moraes et al. 2004: 364; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 157.

The biology of this type III species (McMurtry et al. 2013) is almost totally unknown.

This is the first mention of that species for the Slovenian fauna.

World distribution: Austria, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Ukraine.

Specimens examined: 11 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ and 2 immatures in total. Rakitnica, Dolenja vas (aasl 490 m, lat. 45°41'12''N, long. 14°45'20''E), 2 ♀♀ on Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten (Pinaceae), 18/VI/2019; Pragersko, Kvedrova ulica (aasl 250 m, lat. 46°23'48''N, long. 13°40'11''E), 1 ♀ on P. abies, 20/VI/2019; Šobec (aasl 418 m, 46°21'22''N, 14°9'2''E), 1 ♀ on P. abies and 1 ♀ on Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Sapindaceae), 21/VI/2019; Bled, Lake (aasl 478 m, lat. 46°22'4''N, long. 14°05'06''E), 5 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ and 2 immatures on P. abies, 21/VI/2019; Labore (aasl 362 m, lat. 46°10'17''N, long. 14°23'12''E), 1 ♀ on P. abies, 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Tixier et al. (2019).

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri Scheuten

Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten 1857: 104; Moraes et al. 1986: 246.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri, Chant 1959: 64.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri, Moraes et al. 2004: 367; Chant & McMurtry 2007: 157.

This species is cosmopolitan but is the dominant species in vineyards and orchards in the western part of Europe. It has been introduced in various countries such as Australia and New Zealand for biological control purposes. It has been reported on a wide range of plants, essentially on cultivated and uncultivated shrubs and trees This species is an active predator of red and yellow spider mites and eriophyid mites mainly in orchards and vineyards and of the grape thrips Drepanothrips reuteri (Uzel) in France (Serrano et al. 2004).

This species was one of the more abundant collected species within this survey.

This species was already recorded from Slovenia (Miklavc 2006; Bohinc and Trdan 2013).

World distribution: Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Madeira Island, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, USA.

Specimens examined: : 112 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂ and 7 immatures. Ravni (aasl 300 m, lat. 45°56'44''N, long. 15°24'21''E), 7 ♀♀, 1 ♂ and 2 immatures on Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), 19/VI/2018; Arnovo selo (aasl 192 m, lat. 47°58'07''N, long. 15°33'49''E), 9 ♀♀ and 1 immature on Malus domestica L. (Rosaceae) and 9 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ and 1 immature on Tilia cordata Miller (Malvaceae), 19/VI/2018; Bilje (aasl 72 m, lat. 45°53'60''N, long. 13°38'41''E), 4 ♀♀ and 1 immature on V. vinifera, 20/VI/2018; Dragonja (aasl 3 m, lat. 45°27'12''N, long. 13°39'43''E), 1 ♀ on V. vinifera, 21/VI/2019; Maribor, Plant Protection Institute (aasl 267 m, lat. 46°34'07''N, long. 15°38'12''E), 43 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂ on M. domestica and 28 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂ and 1 immature on V. vinifera, 22/VI/2018; Pesnica (aasl 256 m, lat. 46°37'02''N, long. 15°40'58''E), 3 ♀♀ and 1 immature on M. domestica, 22/VI/2018; Škofljica, Gumnišče 15 (aasl 305 m, lat. 45°58'15''N, long. 14°34'17''E), 1 ♀ on Carpinus betulus L. (Betulaceae) and 2 ♀♀ on Rubus fruticosus L. (Rosaceae), 18/VI/2019; Juršinci, Gabrnik 55 (aasl 301 m, lat. 46°28'43''N, long. 15°58'2''E), 1 ♀ on M. domestica and 1 ♀ on Rubus tomentosus Borkhausen (Rosaceae), 20/VI/2019; Bled, Lake (aasl 478 m, lat. 46°22'4''N, long. 14°05'06''E), 2 ♀♀ on Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Sapindaceae), 21/VI/2019; Kranj (aasl 434 m, 46°16'6''N, 14°20'26''E), 1 ♀ on Picea abies (L.) H. Karsten (Pinaceae), 21/VI/2019.

Remarks: The measurements of the adult females collected agree with those provided by Ferragut et al. (2010) for specimens from Spain and by Tixier et al. (2019) for specimens from France.

Conclusion

Fourteen species were previously reported from Slovenia with four additional species published in a national journal (Bohinc et al. 2018) and not mentioned in the world database of Phytoseiidae (Demite et al. 2020).

In this study carried out in 2018 and 2019 within an international project Proteus France-Slovenia, we add 18 new recorded species for the country and four additional species published in a national journal but nor referenced at international level (Demite et al. 2020).

This is surprising that 6 Phytoseiidae species already mentioned were not here recovered: Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans), N. reductus (Wainstein), Phytoseius macropilis (Banks), Paraseilus soleiger (Ribaga), P. talbii (Athias-Henriot) and P. triporus (Chant and Yoshida-Shaul).

The fauna of Phytoseiidae of Slovenia is now of 36 species, 22 Amblyseiinae, 4 Phytoseiinae and 10 Typhlodrominae.

We add also 9 BCA for the country, potentially usable in biological control in Slovenia without introduction permits as they are recorded in the country.

Acknowledgements

This paper presents the results obtained within a France-Slovenia project Proteus 2018-2019 (40155XG). We are very grateful to Campus France and to Slovenian Research Agency (programme Horticulture P4-0013) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food of Republic Slovenia - Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection (Professional Tasks from the Field of Plant Protection) for funding and managing the project.

References

Abad-Moyano R., Pina T., Dembilio Ó., Ferragut F., Urbaneja A. 2009. Survey of natural enemies of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in citrus orchards in eastern Spain. Exp Appl Acarol 47: 49-61. doi:10.1007/s10493-008-9193-3

Abbasova E.D. 1972. Phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) of Azerbaijan. Avtoreferat Dissertatsii na Soiskanie Uchenoy Stepeni Kandidata Biologicheskikh Nauk. Akadrmiya Nauk Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku, Azerbaijan, 34 pp. [in Russian]

Abo-Shnaf R.I.A., Moraes G.J. de 2014. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Egypt, with new records, descriptions of new species, and a key species. Zootaxa, 3865: 1-71. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3865.1.1

André H.M. 1986. Notes on the ecology of corticolous epiphyte dwellers. 4. Actinedida (especially Tydeidae) and Gamasida (especially Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 27(2): 107-115.

Arutunjan E.S. 1970. Phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiidae) on agricultural crops in the Armenian SSR. Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, Otdelenie Biologicheskikh Nauk, Dissertatsii na Soiskanie Uchenoi Stepeni Candidata Biologrcheskikh Nauk, Zooliya, 97, 31 pp. [in Russian].

Athias-Henriot C. 1957. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina, Gamasina) d'Algérie. I. Genres Blattisocius Keegan, Iphiseius Berlese, Amblyseius Berlese, Phytoseius Ribaga, Phytoseiulus Evans. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique du Nord, 48: 319-352.

Athias-Henriot C. 1958. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina: Gamasina) d'Algérie. II. Phytoseiidae. Clé des genres Amblyseius Berlese (Suite) et Seiulus Berlese. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique du Nord, 49: 23-43.

Athias-Henriot C. 1959. Acariens planticoles d'Algérie. I. 5e contribution au genre Amblyseius Berlese (Phytoseiidae). II. Première liste d'Actinochitinosi (Cheyletidae, Caligonellidae, Hemisarcoptidae). Bull. Acad. Roy. Belgique, Sciences (Ser. 5), 45: 130-153.

Athias-Henriot C. 1960. Nouveaux Amblyseius d'Algérie (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 2: 288-299.

Athias-Henriot C. 1961. Mésostigmates (Urop. excl.) édaphiques Méditerranéens (Acaromorpha, Anactinotrichida). Acarologia, 3: 381-509.

Athias-Henriot C. 1962. Amblyseius swirskii, un nouveau phytoseiide voisin d'A. andersoni (Acariens anactinotriches). Ann. Ecole Nat. Agric. Alger, 3: 1-7.

Athias-Henriot C. 1966. Contribution à l'étude des Amblyseius paléarctiques (Acariens anactinotriches, Phytoseiidae). Bull. Scientif. Bourgogne, 24: 181-230.

Athias-Henriot C. 1975. Nouvelles notes sur les Amblyseiini. II. Le relevé organotaxique de la face dorsale adulte (Gamasides protoadéniques, Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 17(1): 20-29.

Athias-Henriot C. 1977. Nouvelles notes sur les Amblyseiini. III. Sur le genre Cydnodromus: Redéfinition, composition (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae). Entomophaga, 22: 61-73. doi:10.1007/BF02372991

Auger P., Tixier M.-S., Kreiter S., Fauvel G. 1999. Factors affecting ambulatory dispersal in the predaceous mite Neoseiulus californicus. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 23: 235-250. doi:10.1023/A:1006019014708

Barret D. 1994. Influence de rarchitecture du phylloplan dans r organisation des peuplements de phytoséiides et dans leurs associations avec les plantes. Ph.D. dissertation, ENSA Montpellier, France.

Beaulieu F., Beard J.J. 2018. Acarine biocontrol agents Neoseiulus californicus sensu Athias-Henriot (1977) and N. barkeri Hughes (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) redescribed, their synonymies assessed, and the identity of N. californicus (McGregor) clarified based on examination types. Zootaxa, 4500(4): 451-507. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.1

Beglyarov G.A. 1957. Biology of Typhlodromus aberrans Oudemans - predator of tetranychid mites in Krasnodar region. Devyatoe Sovenianie po Parasitologicheskim Problemam, 28 Marta - 3 Aprelya 1957 g., Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moskow-Leningrad, Russia, pp. 15-16 [in Russian]. doi:10.2307/126154

Beglyarov G.A. 1958. Species of Phytoseiidae (Parasititormes: Gamasoidea) predatory upon tetranychid mites in orchards of the Krasnodar region. Trudy Vsesoiuznogo Institut Zashchity Rastenii, Leningrad, Russia, 10: 98-124 [in Russian].

Beglyarov G.A. 1981. Keys to the determination of phytoseiid mites of the USSR. Information Bulletin International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, East Palaearctic Section, Leningrad, Russia, 2, 97 pp. [in Russian].

Beglyarov G.A., Malov N.A. 1978. Key to the species of phitoseiid mites from Moldavia and neighbouring north Bukovina (near Samkam). Vrediteli Rasteniy i ikh Entomofagi Izdatelstvo Ytverzhdeno k Izdaniyu Uchenym Sovetom. Vnii Biologicheskikh Metodov Zashchity Razteniy, "Chtiinza", Kishinev, Russia, pp. 3-12 [in Russian].

Berlese A. 1913. Systema Acarorum genera in familiis suis disposita. Acaroteca Italica, 1-2: 3-19.

Berlese A. 1914. Acari nuovi. Manipulus IX. Redia, 10: 113-150.

Biobest. 2013. Biobest introduces Dyna-Mite®: a new predatory mite strategy in rose. Biobest Belgium N. V. http://www.biobest.be/nieuws/289/3/0/ .

Blommers L., Chazeau J. 1974. Two new species of predator mites of the genus Amblyseius Berlese (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) from Madagascar. Zeit. Angew. Entomol., 75: 308-315. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1974.tb01856.x

Bohinc T., Trdan S. 2013. Phytophagous and predatory mites in Slovenia. Acarologia, 53(2): 145-150. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20132084

Bohinc T., Trdan S. 2015. New records of biological control agents in period 2013-2014 [in Slovenian]. In: Trdan S. (Eds.). Lectures and papers presented at the 12th Slovenian conference on Plant Protection with international Participation. Ljubljana, Plant Prot. Soc. Slovenia. p. 289-294.

Bohinc T., Kreiter S., Tixier M.-S., Vierbergen G., Trdan S. 2018. Predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) first recorded o cultivated plants in Slovenia in the period 2012-2017 [in Slovenian]. Acta Agric. Slovenica 111 (2): 493-499. doi:10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.21

Boller H.F. 1984. Eine ainfache Ausschwemm-methode zur schellen Erfassung von Raumilben, Trips und anderen Kleinarthropoden imbWeinbau. Z. Obst- und Weinbau, 120: 249-255.

Broodsgaard H.F., Stengaard Hansen L. 1992. Effect of Amblyseius cucumeris and Amblyseius barkeri as Biological Control Agents of Thrips tabaci on Glasshouse Cucumbers. Biocont. Sc. Technol. 2(3): 215-223. doi:10.1080/09583159209355235

Buitenhuis R., Murphy G., Shipp L., Scott-Dupree C. 2015. Amblyseius swirskii in greenhouse production systems: a floriculture perspective. Exp Appl Acarol. 65: 451–464 doi:10.1007/s10493-014-9869-9

Castagnoli M., Simoni S. 2003. Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari Phytoseiidae): Survey of Biological and Behavioural Traits of a Versatile Predator. Redia, 86: 153-164.

Calvo F.J., Bolckmans K., Belda J.E. 2012. Biological control-based IPM in sweet pepper greenhouses using Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Biocontrol Sci Technol. 22: 1398-1416. doi:10.1080/09583157.2012.731494

Calvo F.J., Knapp M., van Houten Y.M., Hoogerbrugge H., Belda J. E. 2015. Amblyseius swirskii: What made this predatory mite such a successful biocontrol agent? Exp. Appl. Acarol. 65: 419-433. doi:10.1007/s10493-014-9873-0

Chant D.A. 1955. Notes on mites of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857 (Acarina: Laelaptidae), with descriptions of the males of some species and the female of a new species. Canad. Entomol., 87(11): 496-503. doi:10.4039/Ent87496-11

Chant D.A. 1956. Some mites of the subfamily Phytoseiinae (Acarina: Laelaptidae) from southeastern England, with descriptions of new species. Canad. Entomol., 88: 26-37. doi:10.4039/Ent8826-1

Chant D.A. 1957. Descriptions of some phytoseiid mites (Acarina, Phytoseiidae). Part I. Nine new species from British Columbia with keys to the species of British Columbia. Part II. Redescriptions of eight species described by Berlese. Can. Entomol., 89(7): 289-308. doi:10.4039/Ent89289-7

Chant D.A. 1958. Immature and adult stages of some British Phytoseiidae Berl., 1916 (Acarina). J. Linn. Soc. London, Zoology, 43: 599-643. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1958.tb01581.x

Chant D.A. 1959. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Part I. Bionomics of seven species in southeastern England. Part II. A taxonomic review of the family Phytoseiidae, with descriptions of thirty-eight new species. Can. Entomol., 61(12): 1-166. doi:10.4039/entm9112fv

Chant D.A., Hansell R.I.C. 1971. The genus Amblyseius (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canad. J. Zool., 49(5): 703-758. doi:10.1139/z71-110

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 1994. A review of the subfamilies Phytoseiinae and Typhlodrominae (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Intern. J. Acarol., 20(4): 223-310. doi:10.1080/01647959408684022

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2003a. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part I. Neoseiulini new tribe. Intern. J. Acarol., 29(1): 3-46. doi:10.1080/01647950308684319

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2003b. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part II. The tribe Kampimodromini Kolodochka. Intern. J. Acarol., 29(3): 179-224. doi:10.1080/01647950308684331

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2004a. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part III. The tribe Amblyseiini Wainstein, subtribe Amblyseiina n. subtribe. Intern. J. Acarol., 30(3): 171-228. doi:10.1080/01647950408684388

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2005a. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiina Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part V. Tribe Amblyseiini, subtribe Proprioseiopsina Chant and McMurtry. Intern. J. Acarol., 31(1): 3-22. doi:10.1080/01647950508684412

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2005b. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Part VI. The tribe Euseiini n. tribe, subtribes Typhlodromalina n. subtribe, Euseiina n. subtribe, and Ricoseiina n. subtribe. Intern. J. Acarol., 31(3): 187-224. doi:10.1080/01647950508684424

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2005c. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Part VII. Typhlodromipsini n. tribe. Intern. J. Acarol., 31(4): 315-340. doi:10.1080/01647950508683673

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2006a. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part VIII. The tribes Macroseiini Chant, Denmark and Baker, Phytoseiulini n. tribe, Afroseiulini n. tribe and Indoseiulini Ehara and Amano. Intern. J. Acarol., 32(1): 13-25. doi:10.1080/01647950608684439

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2006b. A review of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Part IX. An overview. Intern. J. Acarol., 32(2): 1-27. doi:10.1080/01647950608684453

Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2007. Illustrated keys and diognoses for the genera and subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the world (Acari: Mesostigmata). Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, 219 pp.

Chant D.A., Hansell R.I.C., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1974. The genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canad. J. Zool., 52, 1265-1291. doi:10.1139/z74-168

Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1982. On the identity of Amblyseius umbraticus (Chant) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Canad. J. Zool., 60(8), 1998-2005. doi:10.1139/z82-257

Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1983. A world review of the simplex species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Canad. J. Zool., 61(5), 1142-1151. doi:10.1139/z83-151

Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1989. A world review of the tiliarum species group in the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Canad. J. Zool., 67(4), 1006-1046. doi:10.1139/z89-144

Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1990. The identities of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) and A. potentillae (Garman) in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina). Intern. J. Acarol., 16(1), 5-12. doi:10.1080/01647959008683857

Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1991. Adult ventral setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina). Intern. J. Acarol., 17(3): 187-199. doi:10.1080/01647959108683906

Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1992. Adult idiosomal setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina). Intern. J. Acarol., 18(3): 177-193. doi:10.1080/01647959208683949

Chorąży A., Kropczyńska-Linkiewicz D., Sas D., Escudero-Colomar L.A. 2016. Distribution of Amblydromalus limonicus in northeastern Spain and diversity of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in tomato and other vegetable crops after its introduction. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 69, 465-478. doi:10.1007/s10493-016-0050-5

Collyer E. 1957. Two new species of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857 (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Annual Magazine of Natural History, 12, 199-203. doi:10.1080/00222935708655947

Cunliffe F., Baker E.W. 1953. A guide to the predatory phytoseiid mites of the United States. Pinellas Biology Laboratory, Inc., USA, 1, 28 pp.

De Leon D. 1959. Two new genera of Phytoseiid mites with notes on Proprioseius meridionalis Chant (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Entomol. News 70: 257-262.

De Leon D. 1965. A note on Neoseiulus Hughes 1948 and new synonymy (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Proceed. Entomol. Soc. Washington, 67(1): 23.

De Leon D. 1967. Some mites of the Caribbean Area. Part I. Acarina on plants in Trinidad, West Indies. Allen Press Inc., Lawrence, Kansas, USA: 1-66.

Demite P.R., McMurtry J.A., Moraes G.J. de. 2014. Phytoseiidae Database: a website for taxonomic and distributional information on phytoseiid mites (Acari). Zootaxa, 3795 (5): 571-577. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3795.5.6

Demite P.R., Moraes G.J. de, McMurtry J.A., Denmark H.A., Castilho R.C. 2020. Phytoseiidae Database. Available from: www.lea.esalq.usp.br/phytoseiidae (last access 01/08/2019).

Denmark H.A. 1966. Revision of the genus Phytoseius Ribaga, 1904 (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Fla Dep. Agric. Bul., 6: 1-105.

Denmark H.A., Evans G.A. 2011. Phytoseiidae of North America and Hawaii (Acari: Mesostigmata). Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, USA, 451 pp.

Denmark H.A., Muma M.H. 1989. A revision of the genus Amblyseius Berlese, 1914 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Occas. Pap. Fla State Coll. Arthropods, USA, 4, 149 pp.

Denmark H.A., Rather A.Q. 1984. Revision of the genus Typhloctonus Muma, 1961 (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Intern. J. Acarol., 10, 163-177. doi:10.1080/01647958408683371

Denmark H.A., Rather A.Q. 1996. Revision of the genus Neoseiulella Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Intern. J. Acarol., 22(1), 43-77. doi:10.1080/01647959608684080

Denmark H.A., Welbourn W.C. 2002. Revision of the genera Amblydromella Muma and Anthoseius De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Intern. J. Acarol., 28(4): 291-316. doi:10.1080/01647950208684308

Dosse G. 1958. Uber einige neue Raubmilbenarten (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Pflanzen. Ber., 21: 44-61.

Döker I. 2018. Re-description of two new records and description of Neoseiulella kazaki sp. nov. (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Turkey. Syst. Appl. Acarol., 23(1), 113-122. doi:10.11158/saa.23.1.9

Döker I., Witters J., Pijnakker J., Kazak C., Tixier M.-S., Kreiter S. 2014c. Euseius gallicus Kreiter and Tixier (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is present in four more countries in Europe: Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands and Turkey. Acarologia, 54(3), 245-248. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20142132

Döker I., Karut K., Marčić D., Cengiz K. 2019. Two new records of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Intern. J. Acarol., 45(6-7): 399-403. doi:10.1080/01647954.2019.1651392

Duso C. 1992. Role of predatory mites Amblyseius aberrans (Oudemans), Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in vineyards. III. Influence of variety characteristics on the success of A. aberrans and T. pyri. J. Appl. Entomol., 114: 455-462. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1992.tb01151.x

Duso C., Fontana P. 2002. On the identity of Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia 42: 127-136.

Duso C., Moretto S. 1994. Osservazioni preliminari sui comportamento dell'acaro predatore Phytoseius plumifer (Can. et Fanz.). Mem. Soc. Entomol. It., 72: 533-540.

Duso C., Pasini M. 2003. Distribution of the predatory mite Amblyseius andersoni chant (acari: phytoseiidae) on different apple cultivars. Anz. Schädling., 76(2): 33-40. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0280.2003.03003.x

Easterbrook M.A., Fitzgerald J.D., Solomon M.G. 2001. Biological control of strawberry tarsonemid mite Phytonemus pallidus and two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on strawberry in the UK using species of Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol., 25: 25-36.

Ehara S. 1966. A tentative catalogue of predatory mites of Phytoseiidae known from Asia, with descriptions of five new species from Japan. Mushi, 39: 9-30.

Ehara S., Amano H. 1998. A revision of the mite family Phytoseiidae in Japan (Acari: Gamasina), with remarks on its biology. Species Div., 3(1): 25-73. doi:10.12782/specdiv.3.25

Ehara S., Okada Y., Kato H. 1994. Contribution to the knowledge of the mite family Phytoseiidae in Japan (Acari: Gamasina). J. Fac. Educ. Tottori University, Nat. Sc., 42(2): 119-160.

Escudero L.A., Ferragut F. 2005. Life-history of predatory mites Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on four spider mite species as prey, with special reference to Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Biol. Control 32: 378-384. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2004.12.010

Evans G.O. 1952. A new typhlodromid mite predaceous on Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey in Indonesia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5: 413-416. doi:10.1080/00222935208654311

Evans G.O. 1953. On some mites of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857, from S. E. Asia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6: 449-467. doi:10.1080/00222935308654444

Evans G.O., Edland T. 1998. The genus Anthoseius De Leon (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Norway. Fauna Norvegica, Ser. B, 45, 41-62.

Evans G.O., Momen F. 1988. The identity of Seiulus rhenanus Oudms. and Typhlodromus foenilis Oudms. (Acari: Phytoseiidae). J. Nat. Hist., 22, 209-216. doi:10.1080/00222938800770151

Fan Y.Q., Petitt F.L. 1994a. Biological Control of Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), by Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes on Pepper. Biol. Cont., 4(4): 390-395. doi:10.1006/bcon.1994.1049

Fan Y.Q., Petitt F.L. 1994b. Parameter estimation of the functional response. Environ. Entomol., 23: 785-794. doi:10.1093/ee/23.4.785

Faraji F., Hajizadch J., Ueckermann E.A., Kamali K., McMurtry J.A. 2007. Two new records for Iranian Phytoseiid mites with synonymy and keys of Typhloseiulus Chant and McMurtry and Phytoseiidae in Iran (Acari: Mesostigmata). Intern. J. Acarol., 33 (3), 231-239. doi:10.1080/01647950708684527

Ferragut F. 2018. New records of phytoseiid mites of the subfamilies Typhlodrominae and Phytoseiinae (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Spain, with description of a new species and re-description of four species of Typhlodromus Scheuten. Syst. Appl. Acarol., 23(5): 883-910. doi:10.11158/saa.23.5.8

Ferragut F., Costa-Comelles J., Gomez-Bernardo E., Garcia Mari F. 1985. Contribucion al conocimiento de Ios acaros fitoseidos de Ios cultivos espafioles. Proc. 2 Congr. Iberico Entomol., Lisboa, VI 1985, 2: 223-231.

Ferragut F., Escudero A. 1997. Nuevos datos de la distribución de lãs espécies lbéricas Del gênero Euseius Wainstein, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Bol. Asoc. Esp. Entomol., 21(1-2), 99-100.

Ferragut F., Garcia-Mari F., Marzal M.C. 1983. Determinacion y abundancia de los fitoseidos (Acari: Phytoseiidae) en los agrios espanoles. I. Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Espanola de Ciencias Horticolas, Valencia, 28 Noviembre a 1 Diciembre de 1983, Spain, 299-308.

Ferragut F., Laborda R., Costa-Comelles J., Garcia-Mari F. 1992 - Feeding behavior of Euseius stipulatus and Typhlodromus phialatus on the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Tetranychidae) - Entomophaga, 37(4): 537-543. doi:10.1007/BF02372323

Ferragut F., Pérez Moreno I., Iraola V., Escudero A. 2010. Ácaros depredadores em las plantas cultivadas. Família Phytoseiidae. Ediciones Agrotécnicas, Madrid, 202 pp.

Fischer S., Mourrut-Salesse J. 2005. L'acariose bronzéede la tomate en Suisse (Aculops lycopersici: Acari, Erio-phyidae). Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture et Horticulture 37(4): 227-232.

Garman P. 1948. Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Connect. Agric. Exp. St. Bull., 520, 1-27.

Garman P. 1958. New species belonging to the genera Amblyseius and Amblyseiopsis with keys to Amblyseius, Amblyseiopsis, and Phytoseiulus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 51: 69-79. doi:10.1093/aesa/51.1.69

Garman P., McGregor E.A. 1956. Four new predaceous mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). South. Calif. Acad. Sc. Bull., 55, 7-13.

Gomez-Moya C.A., Ferragut F. 2009. Spatial distribution pattern and efficacy of Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the control of red spider mites on vegetables under semi-field conditions. Bol. Sanid. Veget. Plagas, 35: 377-390.

Guanilo A.D., Moraes G.J. de, Knapp M. 2008a. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma from Peru, with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 1880: 1-47. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1880.1.1

Guanilo A.D., Moraes G.J. de, Toledo S., Knapp M. 2008b. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Argentina, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 1884: 1-35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1884.1.1

Gupta S.K. 1985. Three new Phytoseiidae from India (Acari: Mesostigmata). Entomon, 10(3), 209-214.

Hajizadeh J. 2007. Phytoseiid mites Fauna of Guilan Province, part II: Subfamilies Amblyseiinae Muma and Phytoseiinae Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Agric. Res., 7(1), 7-25 (in Persian with English summary).

Hirschmann W. 1962. Gangystematik der Parasitiformes. Acarologie Schriftenreihe fur Vergleichende Milbenkunde, Hirschmann-Verlag, Furth/Bay, 5(5-6), 80 pp.+ 32 plates.

Hughes A.M. 1948. The mites associated with stored food products. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, H. M. Stationary Office, London, 168 pp.

Hughes A.M. 1961. The mites of stored food. Min. Agricul., Fish. Food Techn. Bull., 9: 1-287.

Ivancich-Gambaro P. 1994. The importance of humidity in the development and spread of Amblyseius andersoni. Boll. Zool. Agric. Bachic., 26(2): 241-248.

Kabíček J. 2005. Intra-leaf distribution of the phytoseiid mites (Acari, Phytoseiidae) on several species of wild broad-leaved trees. Biologia 60(5): 523-528.

Kabíček J. 2008. Cohabitation and intra-leaf distribution of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on leaves of Corylus avellana. Plant Protect. Sc. 44(1): 32-36. doi:10.17221/3/2008-PPS

Kabíček J. 2010. Scarceness of phytoseiid species co-occurrence (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on leaflets of Juglans regia. Plant Protect. Sci., 46: 79-82. doi:10.17221/32/2009-PPS

Kabíček J. 2019. Linden Trees are Favourable Host Plants for Phytoseiid Generalists in Urban Environments. Baltic Forestry 25(1): 32-37.

Kanouh M., Kreiter S., Douin M., Tixier M.-S. 2012. Revision of the genus Neoseiulella Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae): re-description of species, synonymy assessment, biogegraphy, plant supports and key to adult females. Acarologia, 52(3), 259-348. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20122048

Karg W. 1970. Neue Arten der Raubmilbenfamilie Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916 (Acarina: Parasitiformes). Deut. Entomol. Zeit. N. F., 17: 289-301. doi:10.1002/mmnd.4810170402

Karg W. 1971. Acari (Acarina), Milben, Unterordnung Anactinochaeta (Parasitiformes): Die freilebenden Gamasina (Gamasides), Raubmilben. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile, 59. Teil, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany, 475 pp.

Karg W. 1982. Diagnostic and systematics of predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae Berlese in orchards. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 109: 188-210.

Karg W. 1983. Systematische untersuchung der Gattungen und Untergattungen der Raubmilbenfamilie Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916, mit der beschreibung von 8 neuen Arten. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 59(2): 293-328. doi:10.1002/mmnz.4830590203

Karg W. 1989. Neue Raubmilbenarten der Gattuig Proprioseiopsis Muma, 1961 (Acarina, Parasitiformes) mit Bestimmungsschlusseln. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 116(2): 199-216.

Karg W. 1991. Die Raubmilbenarten der Phytoseiidae Berlese (Acarina) Mitteleuropas sowie angrenzender Gebiete. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 118(1): 1-64.

Karg W. 1993. Acari (Acarina), Milben Parasitiformes (Anactinochaeta) Cohors Gamasina Leach. Raubmilbe. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands: 59, Second Edition, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany, 523 pp.

Karg W., Edland T. 1987. Neue Raubmilbenarten der Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1916. Deutsche Entomol. Zeit., N. F., 34(4-5), 387-395. doi:10.1002/mmnd.4800340417

Kazak C., Yildiz S., Sekeroglu E. 2002. Biological characteristics and life tables of Neoseiulus umbraticus Chant (Acari, Phytoseiidae) at three constant temperatures. J. Pest Sc., 75: 118-121. doi:10.1046/j.1472-8206.2002.02034.x

Kennett C.E., Caltagirone L.E. 1968. Biosystematics of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 10(4): 563-577.

Knapp M., van Houten Y., Hoogerbrugge H., Bolckmans K. 2013. Amblydromalus limonicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a biocontrol agent: literature review and new findings. Acarologia, 53 (2), 191-202. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20132088

Knisley C.B., Swift F.C. 1971. Biological studies of Amblyseius umbraticus (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 64: 813-822. doi:10.1093/aesa/64.4.813

Knisley C.B., Denmark H.A. 1978. New phytoseiid mites from successional and climax plant communities in New Jersey. Fla Entomol., 61(1), 5-17. doi:10.2307/3494423

Kolodochka L.A. 1978. Manual for the identification of plant-inhabiting phytoseiid mites. Akademii Nauk Ukrainian SSR, Instituta Zoologii, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Ukraine, 79 pp. [in Russian].

Kolodochka L.A. (1980): New phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) from the Moldova SSR, U.S.S.R. Vest. Zool., 4: 39-45.

Kolodochka L.A. 1981. New phytoseiid mites from Crimea (Parasitiformes : Phytoseiidae). Il. Vestn. Zool. (5): 16-20 [in Russian].

Kolodochka L.A. 1986. On taxonomic status of two Typhloctonus species (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae). Vest. Zool., (2), 26-34 [in Russian].

Kolodochka L.A. 1998. Two new tribes and the main results of a revision of Paleartic phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) with the family system concept. Vest. Zool., 32(1-2): 51-63 [in Russian].

Kolodochka L.A. 2003. A new species of the genus Kampimodromus (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) from Ukraine and Moldova. Acarina, 11(1), 51-55.

Kolodochka L.A. 2009. A review of predaceous mites of the genus Typhloctonus Muma (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) in Ukraine with description of unknown male of T. tuberculatus. Vest. Zool., 43(6), e1-e12. doi:10.2478/v10058-009-0021-y

Kolodochka L.A., Bondarenko L.V. 1993. The plant dwelling phytoseiid mites of the Black Sea Reserve, with description of two new Amblyseius species. Vest. Zool., 4, 32-38 [in Russian].

Kolodochka L.A., Gwiazdowicz D.J. 2016. Redescription of three species of phytoseiid mites (Acari, Mesosgitmata) from Poland. Acarologia, 56(4), 625-632. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20164144

Komi K., Arakawa R., Amano H. 2008. Native phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) occurring on greenhouse vegetable crops under the pest control programs with natural enemies in Kochi prefecture, Japan. J. Acarol. Soc. Japan, 17(1), 23-28 [in Japanese with English abstract]. doi:10.2300/acari.17.23

Kostiainen T., Hoy M.A. 1996. The Phytoseiidae as biological control agents of pest mites and insects. A bibliography. Monograph 17. University of Florida, Agricultural Experiment Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, USA, 355 pp.

Koveos D.S., Broufas G.D. 2000. Functional response of Euseius finlandicus and Amblyseius andersoni on Panonychus ulmi on apple and peach leaves in the laboratory. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 247-256.

Kreiter S., Fontaine O., Payet R.-M. 2018a. New records of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Mauritius. Acarologia, 58(4): 773-785. doi:10.24349/acarologia/20184273

Kreiter S., Bopp M.-C, Douin M., Nguyen D.T., Wyckhuys K. 2020a. Phytoseiidae of Vietnam (Acari: Mesostigmata) with description of anew species. Acarologia 60(1): 75-110. doi:10.24349/acarologia/20204362

Kreiter S., Payet R.-M., Douin M., Fontaine O., Fillâtre J., Le Bellec F. 2020b. Phytoseiidae of La Réunion Island (Acari: Mesostigmata): three new species and two males described, New synonymies, and new records. Acarologia, 60(1): 111-195. doi:10.24349/acarologia/20184273

Kreiter S., Tixier M.S., Auger P., Muckensturm N., Sentenac G., Doublet B., Weber M. 2000. Phytoseiid mites of vineyards in France (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 41(1-2), 77-96.

Kreiter S., Tixier M.-S., Croft B.A., Auger P., Barret D. 2002. Plants and leaf characteristics influencing the predaceous mite Kampimodromus aberrans (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in habitats surrounding vineyards. Environ. Entomol., 31(4), 648-660. doi:10.1603/0046-225X-31.4.648

Kreiter S., Tixier M.-S., Sahraoui H., Lebdi-Grissa K. Chabaan S.B., Chatti A., Chermiti B., Khoualdia O., Ksantini M. 2010. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Tunisia: catalogue, biogeography, and key for identification. Tunis. J. Plant Protec., 5(2), 151-178.

Kreiter S., Vicente V., Tixier M.-S., Fontaine O. 2016a. An unexpected occurrence of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot in La Reunion Island (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 56(2): 175-181. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20162254

Kreiter S., Vicente V., Tixier M.-S., Fontaine O., Avril I., Cottineau J.-S., Fillâtre J. 2016b. Présence inattendue d'Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot à l'Île de La Réunion. Phytoma-La santé des végétaux, 695: 38-42.

Lehman R.D. 1982. Mites (Acari) of Pennsylvania conifers. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 108, 181-286.

Lindquist E.E. 1994. Some observations on the chaetotaxy of the caudal body region of gamasine mites (Acari: Mesostigmata), with a modified notation for some ventrolateral body setae. Acarologia, 35: 323-326.

Lindquist E.E., Evans G.W. 1965. Taxonomic concepts in the Ascidae, with a modified setal nomenclature for the idiosoma of the Gamasina (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Mem. Entomol. Soc. Canada, 47: 1-64. doi:10.4039/entm9747fv

Livshitz I.Z., Kuznetsov N.N. 1972. Phytoseiid mites from Crimea (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae). In: Pests and diseases of fruit and ornamental plants. Proceedings of The All-Union V. I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Science, The State Nikita Botanical Gardens, Yalta, Ukraine, 61, 13-64 [in Russian].

Lombardini G. 1959. Acari Nuovi. XXXVII. Bol. Ist. Entomol. Agr. Univ. Palermo ed Osserv. Reg. Mal. Piante, 21: 163-167.

Lorenzon M., Pozzebon A., Duso C. 2012. Effects of potential food sources on biological and demographic parameters of the predatory mites Kampimodromus aberrans, Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 58(3): 259-278. doi:10.1007/s10493-012-9580-7

McGregor E.A. 1954. Two new mites in the genus Typhlodromus (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). South. Calif. Acad. Sc. Bul., 53: 89-92.

McMurtry J.A., Croft B.A. 1997. Life-styles of phytoseiid mites and their roles in biological control. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 42: 291-321. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.291

McMurtry J.A., Moraes G.J. de, Sourassou N.F. 2013. Revision of the life styles of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and implications for biological control strategies. Syst. Appl. Acarol., 18: 297-320. doi:10.11158/saa.18.4.1

Miklavc J. 2006. Razširjenost plenilskih pršic iz družine Phytoseiidae v nasadih jablane v Podravju in Prekmurju ter prehranske zahteve vrste Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten. MSc Thesis, Ljubljana: Biotehniška fakulteta: 112 [in Slovenian].

Moraes G.J. de, Denmark H.A., Guerrero J.M. 1982. Phytoseiid mites of Colombia (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Intern. J. Acarol., 8(1), 15-22. doi:10.1080/01647958208683273

Moraes G.J. de, McMurtry J.A. 1983. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina) of northeastern Brazil with descriptions of four new species. Intern. J. Acarol., 9(3): 131-148. doi:10.1080/01647958308683326

Moraes G.J. de, McMurtry J.A., Denmark H.A. 1986. A catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae. References to taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and habitat. EMBRAPA - DDT, Brasilia, Brazil, 353 pp.

Moraes G.J. de, McMurtry J.A., Denmark H.A., Campos C.B. 2004. A revised catalog of the mite family Phytoseiidae. Zootaxa, 434: 1-494. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.434.1.1

Moraes G.J. de, Mesa N.C., Braun A., Melo E.L. 1994. Definition of the Amblyseius limonicus species group (Acari: Phytoseiidae), with descriptions of two new species and new records. Intern. J. Acarol., 20(3), 209-217. doi:10.1080/01647959408684019

Moraes G.J. de, Ueckermann E.A., Oliveira A.R., Yaninek J.S. 2001. Phytoseiidae mites of the genus Euseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Sub-Saharan Africa. Zootaxa, 3: 1-70. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3.1.1

Muma M.H. 1961. Subfamiles, genera, and species of Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Fla St. Mus. Bul., 5(7): 267-302.

Muma M.H. 1967. New Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) from southern Asia. Fla Entomol., 50, 267-280. doi:10.2307/3493156

Muma M.H., Denmark H.A. 1968. Some generic descriptions and name changes in the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Fla Entomol., 51: 229-240. doi:10.2307/3493424

Nesbitt H.H.J. 1951. A taxonomic study of the Phytoseiinae (Family Laelaptidae) predaceous upon Tetranychidae of economic importance. Zool. Verhandel., 12: 1-96.

Nicotina M. 1996. Phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiidae) associated with vines in vineyards of the Campania Region. In: Mitchell, R., Horn, D.J., Needham, G.R. & Welbourn, W.C. (Eds.), Acarology IX. Proceedings, USA, 1: 237-240.

Nomikou M., Sabelis M.W., Janssen A. 2010. Pollen subsidies promote whitefly control through the numerical response of predatory mites. Biocontrol, 55: 253-260. doi:10.1007/s10526-009-9233-x

Okassa M., Tixier M.-S., Cheval B., Kreiter S. 2009. Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species status within the genus Neoseiulus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Canad. J. Zool., 87: 689-698. doi:10.1139/Z09-057

Oudemans A.C. 1905. Verslag van de zestigste zomervergadering der Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, gehouldem te driebergen op zaterdag, 20 Mei 1905, des morgens ten 11 ure. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 48: 77-81.

Oudemans A.C. 1915. Acarologische Aanteekeningen. LVI. Entomologische Berichten, 4: 180-188. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.1128

Oudemans A.C. 1929. Acarologische Aanteekeningen. C. Entomologische Berichten, 8: 28–36.

Oudemans A.C. 1930a. Acarologische Aanteekeningen. CI. Entomologische Berichten, 8: 48-53.

Oudemans A.C. 1930b. Acarologische Aanteekeningen. CII. Entomologische Berichten, 8: 69-74.

Oudemans A.C. 1930c. Acarologische Aanteekeningen. CIII. Entomologische Berichten, 8: 97-101.

Papadoulis G.Th., Emmanouel N.G. 1991. The genus Amblyseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Greece, with the description of a new species. Entomol. Hellen., 9: 35-62. doi:10.12681/eh.13990

Papaioannou-Souliotis P., Ragusa S., Tsolakis P. 1994. Phytophagous mites and their predators observed on cultivated plants in Greece during 1975-1990. Annales de I'Institut Phytopathologique Benaki, 17: 35-87.

Pina T., Argolo P.S., Urbaneja A., Jacas J.A. 2012. Effect of pollen quality on the efficacy of two different life-style predatory mites against Tetranychus urticae in citrus. Biol Control 61: 176-183. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.02.003

Prasad V. 1968. Amblyseius mites from Hawaii. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 61(6): 1514-1521. doi:10.1093/aesa/61.6.1514

Pritchard A.E., Baker E.W. 1962. Mites of the family Phytoseiidae from Central Africa, with remarks on the genera of the world. Hilgardia, 33(7): 205-309. doi:10.3733/hilg.v33n07p205

Ragusa S. 1977. Notes on phytoseiid mites in Sicily with a description of a new species of Typhlodromus (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Acarologia, 18: 379-392.

Ragusa S. 2006. Phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes Phytoseiidae) of some Epitanissan Islands (Greece). Redia, 89, 1-7.

Ragusa S., Athias-Henriot C. 1983. Observations on the genus Neoseiulus Hughes (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae). Redefinition. Composition. Geography. Description of two new species. Rev. Suisse Zool. 90(3): 657-678. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.82005

Ragusa S., Swirski E. 1976. Notes on predacious mites of Italy, with a description of two new species and of an unknown male (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Redia, 59: 179-196.

Ragusa S., Swirski E. 1978. Description of three new species of Typhlodromus Scheuten from Italy with redescription of Typhlodromus baccettii Lombardini (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Intern. J. Acarol., 4: 211-220. doi:10.1080/01647957808683118

Rahmani H., Kamali K., Faraji F. 2010. Predatory mite fauna of Phytoseiidae of nortwest Iran (Acari: Mesostigmata). Turk. J. Zool., 34: 497-508.

Rasmy A., El-Banhawy E.M. 1974a. Behaviour and bionomics of the predatory mite, Phytoseius plumifer (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) as affected by physical surface features of host plants. Entomophaga, 19: 255-257. doi:10.1007/BF02371050

Rasmy A., El-Banhawy E.M. 1974b. The phytoseiid mite Phytoseius plumifer as a predator of the eriophyid mite Aceria fiats (Acarina). Entomophaga, 19(3): 255-257. doi:10.1007/BF02371050

Rasmy A., El-Banhawy E.M. 1975. Biology and predatory efficiency of two phytoseiid mites as affected by long term pollen feeding. Entomophaga, 20(1): 93-95. doi:10.1007/BF02373454

Rhodes L.M., Liburd O.E. 2006. Evaluation of predatory mites and Acramite for control of twospotted spider mites in strawberries in north central Florida. J. Econ. Entomol., 99(4): 1291-1298. doi:10.1093/jee/99.4.1291

Rodriguez-Reina J.M., Garcia-Mari F., Ferragut F. 1992. Predatory activity of phytoseiid mites on different developmental stages of theWestern flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Bol. Sanid. Veget. Plagas, 18: 253-263.

Rowell H.J., Chant D.A., Hansell R.I.C. 1978. The determination of setal homologies and setal patterns on the dorsal shield in the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Can. Entomol., 110: 859-876. doi:10.4039/Ent110859-8

Ryu M.O., Ehara S. 1991. Three phytoseiid mites from Korea (Acari, Phytoseiidae). Acta Arachnologica, 40(1): 23-30. doi:10.2476/asjaa.40.23

Ryu M.O., Ehara S. 1992. A new and two unrecorded species of phytoseiid mites (Acari, Phytoseiidae) from Korea. Japan. J. Entomol., 60(4): 723-729.

Sahraoui H., Grissa K.L., Kreiter S., Douin M., Tixier M.-S. 2012. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) Of Tunisian citrus orchards: catalogue, biogeography and key for identification. Acarologia, 52(4): 433-452. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20122072

Santaballa E., Roca M., Laborda R. 1994. Comportamiento de clofentecin frente al acaro rojo Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) y su predador Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) en los agrios espanoles. Bol. Sanid. Veg., Plagas, 20: 419-428.

Schausberger P. 1997. Inter-and intraspecific predation on immatures by adult females in Euseius finlandicus, Typhlodromus pyri and Kampimodromus aberrans (Acari, Phytoseiidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 21: 131-150.

Scheuten A. 1857. Einiges uber Milben. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 23: 104-112.

Schicha E. 1987. Phytoseiidae of Australia and neighboring areas. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, Michigan, USA, 187 pp.

Schultz F.W. 1972. Three new species of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from South Africa. Phytophylactica, 4: 13-18.

Schuster R.O., Pritchard A.E. 1963. Phytoseiid mites of California. Hilgardia, 34: 191-285. doi:10.3733/hilg.v34n07p191

Sengonca C., Drescher K. 2001. Laboratory studies on the suitability of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) as prey for the development, longevity, reproduction and predation of four predatory mite species of the genus Amblyseius (Acari, Phytoseiidae). Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz 108: 66-76.

Serrano, E., Vigues, V. & Merendet, V. (2004) Etude de la prédation du thrips Drepanothrips reuteri par Typhlodromus pyri. Proceedings of the Colloque Mondiaviti, Bordeaux, 1 & 2 December, 2004, 1-11.

Soysal M., Akyazi R. 2018. Mite species of the vegetable crops in Ordu Province with first report of Amblyseius rademacheri Dosse, 1958 (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) in Turkey. Turk. entomol. derg., 42(4): 265-286.8 doi:10.16970/entoted.447218

Specht H.B. 1968. Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) in the New Jersey apple orchard environment with descriptions of spermathecae and three new species. Can. Entomol., 100: 673-692. doi:10.4039/Ent100673-7

Steeghs N., Nedstam B., Lundqvist L. 1993. Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) from south Sweden. Entomol. Tidskrift, 114: 19-27.

Swirski E., Amitai S. 1982. Notes on predacious mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) from Turkey, with description of the male of Phytoseius echinus Wainstein and Arutunjan. Israel J. Entomol., 16: 55-62.

Tixier M.-S., Kreiter S., Auger P., Weber M. 1998. Colonization of Languedoe vineyards by phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae): influence of wind and crop environment. Exp. AppI. Acarol. 22: 523-542. doi:10.1023/A:1006085723427

Tixier M.-S., Allam L., Douin M., Kreiter S. 2016. Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Morocco: new records, descritpions of five new species, re-descriptions of two species, and key for identification. Zootaxa, 4067(5): 501-551. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.1

Tixier M.-S., Baldassar A., Duso C., Kreiter S. 2013. Phytoseiidae in European grape (Vitis vinifera L.): bio-ecological aspects and keys to species (Acari: Mesostigmata). Zootaxa, 3721(2): 101-142. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3721.2.1

Tixier M.-S., Guichou S., Kreiter S. 2008. Morphological variation in the biological control agent Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae): consequences for diagnostic reliability and synonymies. Invert. Syst., 22: 453-469. doi:10.1071/IS07052

Tixier M.-S., Kreiter S., Auger P. 2000. Colonization of vineyards by phytoseiid mites: their dispersal patterns in the plot and their fate. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 24: 191-211. doi:10.1023/A:1006332422638

Tixier M.-S., Kreiter S., Cheval B., Auger P. 2003. Morphometric variation between populations of Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae): implications for the taxonomy of the genus. Invert. Syst., 17: 349-358. doi:10.1071/IS02004

Tixier M.-S., Kreiter S., Okassa M., Cheval B. 2010. A new species of the genus Euseius Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from France. J. Nat. Hist., 44(3-4): 241-254. doi:10.1080/00222930903383529

Tixier M.-S., Otto J., Kreiter S., Santos V.V. dos, Beard J. 2014. Is Neoseiulus wearnei the Neoseiulus californicus of Australia? Exp. Appl. Acarol., 62: 267-277. doi:10.1007/s10493-013-9740-4

Tixier M.-S., Principato D., Douin M., Kreiter S. 2019. Mites of the genus Typhlodromus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Southern France: combined morphological and molecular approaches for species identification. Zootaxa 4604(2): 242-280. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4604.2.2

Tixier M.-S., Vicente V. dos S., Douin M., Duso C., Kreiter S. 2017. Great molecular variation within the species Phytoseius finitimus (Acari: Phytoseiidae): implications for diagnosis decision within the mite family Phytoseiidae. Acarologia, 57(3): 493-515. doi:10.24349/acarologia/20174168

Trdan S., Bohinc T. 2016. New records of biological control agents in Slovenia in the period 2012-2014. In: Boeckk P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 68th International symposium on crop protection. Ghent, Ghent University. p:375-380.

Tseng Y.H. 1976. Systematics of the mite family Phytoseiidae from Taiwan, with a revised key to genera of the world (II). J. Agric. Ass. China New Series, 94: 85-128.

Tsolakis H., Ragusa E. 2017. Phytoseiid mites from Basilicata region (Southern Italy): species diversity and redescription of Typhloseiulus arzakanicus (Arutunjan) with a key of the species of Typhloseiulus Chant and McMurtry 1994 (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae). Acarologia, 57(4): 805-821. doi:10.24349/acarologia/20174195

Ueckermann E.A., Loots G.C. 1988. The African species of the subgenera Anthoseius De Leon and Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Entomol. Mem., Dep. Agric. Water Supply, Rep. South Africa 73, 168 pp.

van der Merwe G.G. 1965. South African Phytoseiidae (Acarina). I. Nine new species of the genus Amblyseius Berlese. J. Entomol. Soc. South Afr., 28: 57-76.

van der Merwe G.G. 1968. A taxonomic study of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari) in South Africa with contributions to the biology of two species. Entomol. Mem. South Africa Dep. Agric. Techn. Serv., 18: 1-198.

van Houten Y. M., Østlie M. L., Hoogerbrugge H., Bolckmans K. 2005. Biological control of western flower thrips on sweet pepper using the predatory mites Amblyseius cucumeris, Iphiseius degenerans, Amblyseius andersoni and Amblyseisus swirskii. IOBC/WPRS Bull., 28: 283-286.

van Rijn P.C.J., Sabelis M.W. 1993. Does alternative food always enhance biological control? The effect of pollen on the interaction between western flower thrips and its predators. IOBC/WPRS Bull., 16(8): 123-125.

Vitzthum H. von 1941. Acarina. In: Bronns, H.G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs 5, Akademischer Verlag, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 764-767.

Wackers F. 2013. Food for thought: Nutritional supplements to boost biocontrol. Presentation at the Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting (ABIM), October 21-23, Congress Centre Basel, Switzerland. http://www.abim.ch/fileadmin/documents-abim/Presentations\_2013/ABIM\_2013\_3\_2\_Wackers\_01.pdf .

Wainstein B.A. 1958. New species of mites of the genus Typhlodromus (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) from Georgia. Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoy SSR, 21(2): 201-207 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A. 1959. New subgenus and species of the genus Phytoseius Ribaga, 1902 (Phytoseiidae: Parasitiformes). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 38: 1361-1365 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A. 1960. New species and subspecies of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) of the USSR fauna. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 39: 683–690 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A. 1962. Révision du genre Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857 et systématique de la famille des Phytoseiidae (Berlese 1916) (Acarina: Parasitiformes). Acarologia, 4: 5-30.

Wainstein B.A. 1972. New species and subgenus of the genus Anthoseius (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 51: 1477-1482 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A. 1975. Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes) of Yaroslavl Province. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, Russia, 54(4), 914-922 [in Russian]. Entomological Review, 54(4): 138-143 [English translation].

Wainstein B.A. 1979. Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes) of the Primorsky Territory. Nazemnye Chlenistonogie Dal'nego Vostoka, Vladivostok, Russia, pp. 137-144 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A., Arutunjan E.S. 1970. New species of predatory mites of the genera Amblyseius and Phytoseius (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae). Zool. Zh., 49: 1497-1504 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A., Beglyarov G.A. 1971. New species of the genus Amblyseius (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) from the Primorsky Territory. Zool. Zh., 50, 1803-1812 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A., Kolodochka L.A. 1974. New species of the genus Anthoseius (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae). Zool. Zh., 53: 628-632 [in Russian].

Wainstein B.A., Vartapetov S.G. 1973. Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae (Parasitiformes) of Adzharskaya ASSR. Akademiya Nauk Armyanskoy SSR, Biologicheskiy Zhurnal Armenii, 26(2): 102-105 [in Russian].

Westerboer, I. & Bernhard, F. (1963) Die Familie Phytoseiidae Berlese 1916. In: Stammer, H. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Systematik und Okologie mitteleuropaischer Acarina. Band II, Mesostigmata I, Germany, 451-791.

Wu W.N. 1987. New species and new records of phytoseiid mites from northeast China II. Amblyseius Berlese (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) [in Chinese]. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 12(3), 260-270 [in Chinese].

Yoshida-Shaul E., Chant D.A. 1995. A review of the species of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasina) described by A. C. Oudemans. Acarologia, 36(1): 3-19.

Zaher M.A., Wafa A.K., Shehata K.K. 1969. Life history of the predatory mite Phytoseius plumifer and the effect of nutrition on its biology (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Entomol. Exp. Appl., 12: 383-388. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1969.tb02534.x

Zannou I.D., Hanna R. 2011. Clarifying the identity of Amblyseius swirskii and Amblyseius rykei (Acari: Phytoseiidae): are they two distinct species or two populations of one species? Exp. Appl. Acarol., 53: 339-347. doi:10.1007/s10493-010-9412-6

Zannou I.D., Moraes G.J. de, Ueckermann E.A., Oliveira A.R., Yaninek J.S., Hanna R. 2007. Phytoseiid mites of the subtribe Amblyseiina (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Amblyseiini) from sub-Saharan Africa. Zootaxa, 1550: 1-47. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1550.1.1



Comments
Please read and follow the instructions to post any comment or correction.

Article editorial history
Date received:
2020-01-31
Date accepted:
2020-02-19
Date published:
2020-03-02

Edited by:
Tsolakis, Haralabos

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2020 Kreiter, Serge; Amiri, Karima; Douin, Martial; Bohinc, Tanja; Trdan, Stanislav and Tixier, Marie-Stéphane
Downloads
 Download article

Download the citation
RIS with abstract 
(Zotero, Endnote, Reference Manager, ProCite, RefWorks, Mendeley)
RIS without abstract 
BIB 
(Zotero, BibTeX)
TXT 
(PubMed, Txt)
Article metrics

Dimensions

Cited by: view citations with

Search via ReFindit